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We compared resting-state functional connectivity in people with mild-to-moderate Parkinson\u2019s disease scanned in the OFF-medication state (n = 58) and neurotypical older adults (n = 24), focusing on regions implicated in internally generated and externally generated movement pathways. For our analysis, we leveraged the reproducible NeuroMark independent component template and motor effector-specific mapping of primary motor cortex. Our results reveal both increased and decreased connectivity patterns in Parkinson\u2019s disease: primary motor cortex subregions associated with control of the leg, hand, and larynx showed robust increases in connectivity exclusively with cerebellar territories, particularly Crus II and Lobules VIIIa\/VIIIb. The postcentral gyrus (primary somatosensory cortex) showed primarily increased connectivity with cerebellar regions and the insula. In contrast, the caudate nucleus displayed a mixed profile, with increased connectivity to the superior temporal gyrus and decreased connectivity to the superior medial frontal gyrus and cerebellar Crus II. A post hoc brain-behaviour analysis further suggested that reduced connectivity between the caudate and superior medial frontal gyrus may be associated with greater overall disease severity. Our motor effector-specific analysis of disease severity scores in people with Parkinson\u2019s disease revealed mild impairments across all categories (leg, hand, larynx) but disproportionately greater hand-related deficits, suggesting that some of the observed primary motor cortex connectivity differences may be influenced by these behavioural asymmetries. These anatomically precise, effector-specific alterations suggest compensatory recruitment of cerebellar circuits in Parkinson\u2019s disease and provide a framework for targeting motor subcircuits in rehabilitation, including dance-based interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcag354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T11:52:39Z","timestamp":1789127559000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Functional reorganization of motor subcircuits in Parkinson\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2014-7563","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Constantina","family":"Theofanopoulou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rockefeller University , New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"New York University , Jameel Arts and Health Lab, New York, NY 10012 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Rehabilitation R&D Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System , Decatur, GA 30033 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Emory University College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neha","family":"Bajaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Emory University College of Arts and Sciences , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alberto","family":"Mu\u00f1oz S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Rockefeller University , New York, NY 10065 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute , Chevy Chase, MD 20815 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruce","family":"Crosson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation R&D Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System , Decatur, GA 30033 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven L","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Division of Physical Therapy, Emory University, Center for Rehabilitation Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30322 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Venkatagiri","family":"Krishnamurthy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rehabilitation R&D Center, Atlanta VA Health Care System , Decatur, GA 30033 ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics and Gerontology, Emory University School of Medicine , Atlanta, GA 30329 ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Keith M","family":"McGregor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Health Professions, University of Alabama Birmingham , Birmingham, AL 35233 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