{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,19]],"date-time":"2025-12-19T09:51:58Z","timestamp":1766137918794,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]],"date-time":"2022-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645315200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01-CA140368"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01-CA140368"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The factors (environmental and genetic) contributing to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) pathogenesis are well-established; however, effective agents for BCC prevention are marred by toxic side-effects. Herein, we assessed the efficacy of flavonolignan silibinin against ultraviolet B (UVB)-induced BCC in Ptch+\/\u2013 (heterozygous patched homolog 1 gene) mouse model. Both male and female Ptch+\/\u2013 mice were irradiated with a 240 mJ\/cm2 UVB dose 3 times\/week for 26 or 46 weeks, with or without topical application of silibinin (9\u00a0mg\/200 \u00b5l in acetone, applied 30\u00a0min before or after UVB exposure). Results indicated that silibinin application either pre- or post-UVB exposure for 26 weeks significantly decreased the number of BCC lesions by 65% and 39% (P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both) and the area covered by BCCs (72% and 45%, P &amp;lt; 0.001 for both), respectively, compared to UVB alone. Furthermore, continuous UVB exposure for 46 weeks increased the BCC lesion number and the BCC area covered by ~6 and ~3.4 folds (P &amp;lt; 0.001), respectively. Notably, even in this 46 week prolonged UVB exposure, silibinin (irrespective of pre- or post-UVB treatment) significantly halted the growth of BCCs by 81\u201394% (P &amp;lt; 0.001) as well as other epidermal lesions; specifically, silibinin treated tissues had less epidermal dysplasia, fibrosarcoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence studies revealed that silibinin significantly decreased basal cell proliferation (Ki-67) and the expression of cytokeratins (14 and 15), and Hedgehog signaling mediators Smo and Gli1 in the BCC lesions. Together, our findings demonstrate strong potential of silibinin to be efficacious in preventing the growth and progression of UVB-induced BCC.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgac023","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,18]],"date-time":"2022-02-18T12:08:16Z","timestamp":1645186096000},"page":"557-570","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Chemopreventive efficacy of silibinin against basal cell carcinoma growth and progression in UVB-irradiated Ptch+\/\u2013 mice"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Sandeep","family":"Paudel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Komal","family":"Raina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vasundhara R","family":"Tiku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Akhilendra","family":"Maurya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Orlicky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhiying","family":"You","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cindy M","family":"Rigby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gagan","family":"Deep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Biology, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist , Winston-Salem, NC , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rama","family":"Kant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bupinder","family":"Raina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chapla","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9455-0235","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Agarwal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"},{"name":"University of Colorado Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO , USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines8110449","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma: from pathophysiology to novel therapeutic approaches.","volume":"8","author":"Fania","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1007\/s40495-015-0027-9","article-title":"An overview of ultraviolet b radiation-induced skin cancer chemoprevention by silibinin.","volume":"1","author":"Kumar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Pharmacol. Rep."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtcme.2020.02.003","article-title":"Silibinin and non-melanoma skin cancers.","volume":"10","author":"Prasad","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Tradit. Complement. Med."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2015.62.0468","article-title":"Financial hardship associated with cancer in the United States: findings from a population-based sample of adult cancer survivors.","volume":"34","author":"Yabroff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgs136","article-title":"Stem cells of the human epidermis and their niche: composition and function in epidermal regeneration and carcinogenesis.","volume":"33","author":"Boehnke","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0006","first-page":"5261","article-title":"Epiprofin orchestrates epidermal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation.","volume":"127","author":"Nakamura","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cell Sci."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jidsp.5640179","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation mutagenesis of hedgehog pathway genes in basal cell carcinomas.","volume":"4","author":"Aszterbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol. Symp. Proc."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3477","article-title":"Ultraviolet irradiation represses PATCHED gene transcription in human epidermal keratinocytes through an activator protein-1-dependent process.","volume":"64","author":"Brellier","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17420","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0603119103","article-title":"Cis-urocanic acid, a sunlight-induced immunosuppressive factor, activates immune suppression via the 5-HT2A receptor.","volume":"103","author":"Walterscheid","year":"2006","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1758834010366430","article-title":"Targeting the Hedgehog pathway in cancer.","volume":"2","author":"Gupta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Med. Oncol."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e5","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2015.3","article-title":"Cooperative integration between HEDGEHOG-GLI signalling and other oncogenic pathways: implications for cancer therapy.","volume":"17","author":"Pandolfi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Rev. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1158\/1535-7163.MCT-14-0703","article-title":"Efficacy of Hedgehog pathway inhibitors in basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"14","author":"Basset-Seguin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Cancer Ther."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccell.2015.02.001","article-title":"Genomic analysis of smoothened inhibitor resistance in basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"27","author":"Sharpe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7545","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1393","article-title":"Inhibition of smoothened signaling prevents ultraviolet B-induced basal cell carcinomas through regulation of Fas expression and apoptosis.","volume":"64","author":"Athar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3438","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.97.7.3438","article-title":"Induction of basal cell carcinomas and trichoepitheliomas in mice overexpressing GLI-1.","volume":"97","author":"Nilsson","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907543","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/907543","article-title":"Patched knockout mouse models of Basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"2012","author":"Nitzki","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Skin Cancer"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3798","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-3716","article-title":"Modulation of patched-associated susceptibility to radiation induced tumorigenesis by genetic background.","volume":"64","author":"Pazzaglia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-03-2460","article-title":"Basal cell carcinoma and its development: insights from radiation-induced tumors in Ptch1-deficient mice.","volume":"64","author":"Mancuso","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers8020022","article-title":"Targeting the Sonic Hedgehog signaling Pathway: review of smoothened and GLI inhibitors.","volume":"8","author":"Rimkus","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1466","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1745-7254.2007.00691.x","article-title":"Combinatorial strategies for cancer eradication by silibinin and cytotoxic agents: efficacy and mechanisms.","volume":"28","author":"Raina","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol. Sin."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1208\/s12248-013-9486-2","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of silibinin-mediated cancer chemoprevention with major emphasis on prostate cancer.","volume":"15","author":"Ting","year":"2013","journal-title":"AAPS J."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.13.51","article-title":"Promise and potential of silibinin in colorectal cancer management: what patterns can be seen?","volume":"9","author":"Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5995","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0914009107","article-title":"Identification of hepatoprotective flavonolignans from silymarin.","volume":"107","author":"Polyak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj231","article-title":"Effect of silibinin on the growth and progression of primary lung tumors in mice.","volume":"98","author":"Singh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1111\/php.12727","article-title":"Silibinin treatment inhibits the growth of Hedgehog inhibitor-resistant basal cell carcinoma cells via targeting EGFR-MAPK-Akt and Hedgehog signaling.","volume":"93","author":"Dheeraj","year":"2017","journal-title":"Photochem. Photobiol."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3483","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-3955","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits inflammatory and angiogenic attributes in photocarcinogenesis in SKH-1 hairless mice.","volume":"67","author":"Gu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39594","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.5519","article-title":"Silibinin enhances the repair of ultraviolet B-induced DNA damage by activating p53-dependent nucleotide excision repair mechanism in human dermal fibroblasts.","volume":"6","author":"Guillermo-Lagae","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/89.8.556","article-title":"Protective effects of silymarin against photocarcinogenesis in a mouse skin model.","volume":"89","author":"Katiyar","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgw106","article-title":"Role of p53 in silibinin-mediated inhibition of ultraviolet B radiation-induced DNA damage, inflammation and skin carcinogenesis.","volume":"38","author":"Rigby","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1260","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.23008","article-title":"Silibinin inhibits ultraviolet B radiation-induced mast cells recruitment and bone morphogenetic protein 2 expression in the skin at early stages in Ptch(+\/\u2013) mouse model of basal cell carcinoma.","volume":"58","author":"Rigby","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgr299","article-title":"Silibinin prevents ultraviolet B radiation-induced epidermal damages in JB6 cells and mouse skin in a p53-GADD45alpha-dependent manner.","volume":"33","author":"Roy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22253","article-title":"Silibinin and its 2,3-dehydro-derivative inhibit basal cell carcinoma growth via suppression of mitogenic signaling and transcription factors activation.","volume":"55","author":"Tilley","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1038\/15242","article-title":"Ultraviolet and ionizing radiation enhance the growth of BCCs and trichoblastomas in patched heterozygous knockout mice.","volume":"5","author":"Aszterbaum","year":"1999","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6349","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-1632","article-title":"Silibinin protects against photocarcinogenesis via modulation of cell cycle regulators, mitogen-activated protein kinases, and Akt signaling.","volume":"64","author":"Mallikarjuna","year":"2004","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2014.01.013","article-title":"Hair follicle disruption facilitates pathogenesis to UVB-induced cutaneous inflammation and basal cell carcinoma development in Ptch(+\/\u2013) mice.","volume":"184","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-12-0387","article-title":"Inositol hexaphosphate inhibits tumor growth, vascularity, and metabolism in TRAMP mice: a multiparametric magnetic resonance study.","volume":"6","author":"Raina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cancer Prev. Res. (Phila.)"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6822","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1332","article-title":"Stage-specific inhibitory effects and associated mechanisms of silibinin on tumor progression and metastasis in transgenic adenocarcinoma of the mouse prostate model.","volume":"68","author":"Raina","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2707","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejca.2007.09.005","article-title":"Intake of antioxidant nutrients and the risk of skin cancer.","volume":"43","author":"Heinen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Cancer"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5843","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S84849","article-title":"The relevance of piroxicam for the prevention and treatment of nonmelanoma skin cancer and its precursors.","volume":"9","author":"Campione","year":"2015","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19950115)75:2+<645::AID-CNCR2820751405>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Precursors to skin cancer.","volume":"75","author":"Sober","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.2174\/156652409789105570","article-title":"Hedgehog target genes: mechanisms of carcinogenesis induced by aberrant hedgehog signaling activation.","volume":"9","author":"Katoh","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr. Mol. Med."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh152","article-title":"Silibinin prevents ultraviolet radiation-caused skin damages in SKH-1 hairless mice via a decrease in thymine dimer positive cells and an up-regulation of p53-p21\/Cip1 in epidermis.","volume":"25","author":"Dhanalakshmi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1002\/mc.22348","article-title":"Chemopreventive opportunities to control basal cell carcinoma: Current perspectives.","volume":"54","author":"Tilley","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Carcinog."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3829","DOI":"10.1021\/jm801420y","article-title":"Hedgehog-Gli signaling pathway inhibitors as anticancer agents.","volume":"52","author":"Mahindroo","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Med. Chem."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a013581","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a013581","article-title":"Advanced treatment for basal cell carcinomas.","volume":"4","author":"Atwood","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med."},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2503","article-title":"Basal cell carcinomas: attack of the hedgehog.","volume":"8","author":"Epstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Cancer"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1007\/s10552-004-8022-1","article-title":"Antioxidants and basal cell carcinoma of the skin: a nested case-control study.","volume":"16","author":"McNaughton","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cancer Causes Control"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2010.11.007","article-title":"Basal cell carcinomas arise from hair follicle stem cells in Ptch1(+\/\u2013) mice.","volume":"19","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccr.2011.01.006","article-title":"Keratin 15-positive stem cells give rise to basal cell carcinomas in irradiated Ptch1(+\/\u2013) mice.","volume":"19","author":"Seykora","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Cell"},{"key":"2022062708035629200_CIT0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2016.2519","article-title":"Abnormalities in the basement membrane structure promote basal keratinocytes in the epidermis of hypertrophic scars to adopt a proliferative phenotype.","volume":"37","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Med."}],"container-title":["Carcinogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgac023\/43219907\/bgac023.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/43\/6\/557\/44258369\/bgac023.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/43\/6\/557\/44258369\/bgac023.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T18:44:11Z","timestamp":1700246651000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article\/43\/6\/557\/6532624"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgac023","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-3334","1460-2180"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0143-3334"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1460-2180"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,20]]}}}