{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T06:32:46Z","timestamp":1766212366436,"version":"3.48.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766188800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":80,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006345","name":"Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toru\u0144","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006345","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012161","name":"Faculty of Medicine","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012161","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most commonly diagnosed malignancy worldwide and remains a major clinical challenge due to its heterogeneous course and lack of reliable prognostic biomarkers. Mitochondrial ribosomal protein L23 (MRPL23) has recently emerged as a potential contributor to cancer progression, but its role in prostate cancer remains poorly understood. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 67 PCa patients who underwent radical prostatectomy were analyzed. MRPL23 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using a semi-quantitative immunoreactive scale (IRS). Clinicopathological data were collected for correlation analysis. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards models. MRPL23 expression differed significantly across all tissue types, with higher levels in prostate cancer tissues compared with normal epithelium, and the highest expression observed in lymph node metastases (P &amp;lt; .001). High MRPL23 expression was associated with shorter overall survival (P = .003) and remained an independent prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis (HR 3.99, 95% CI 1.63\u20139.77, P = .002). Complementary TCGA analysis confirmed elevated MRPL23 mRNA levels in prostate adenocarcinomas compared with normal tissues (P = .01) and demonstrated that high expression predicted shorter disease-free survival (10-year DFS: 75.98% versus 92.92%, log-rank P = .01). MRPL23 is a potential prognostic biomarker in prostate cancer, linked to aggressive tumor behavior and poor outcomes. Its expression in metastatic tissue suggests a role in disease progression, while TCGA data confirm its prognostic value for recurrence risk. MRPL23 may also serve as a therapeutic target in advanced PCa.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgaf078","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T12:28:33Z","timestamp":1765801713000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of MRPL23 protein expression and its role in prostate cancer pathogenesis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6911-4075","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edyta","family":"Podemska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0000-5229-4096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Damian","family":"\u0141ukasik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9873-3285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u0119drzej","family":"Borowczak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department of Oncology, Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Oncology Centre , 85-796 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Medical Faculty of University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz , 85-796 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0416-7583","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dariusz","family":"Grzanka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7301-5324","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justyna","family":"Dur\u015blewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun , 85-094 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Medical Faculty of University of Science and Technology in Bydgoszcz , 85-796 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]},{"name":"Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Prof. Franciszek \u0141ukaszczyk Oncology Centre , 85-796 Bydgoszcz ,","place":["Poland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2023.147761","article-title":"Emerging role of miRNA in prostate cancer: a future era of diagnostics and therapeutics","volume":"888","author":"Khan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191","article-title":"Epidemiology of prostate cancer","volume":"10","author":"Rawla","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B4","first-page":"1407","volume-title":"Family Medicine: Principles and Practice","author":"Leslie","year":"2023","edition":"8th ed"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10640","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.205104","article-title":"Multi-omics analysis of MRPL-13 as a tumor-promoting marker from pan-cancer to lung adenocarcinoma","volume":"15","author":"Zhong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Aging (Albany NY)"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-19-0819","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA MRPL23-AS1 promotes adenoid cystic carcinoma lung metastasis","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-024-10216-4","article-title":"Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins in metastasis and their potential as prognostic markers in cancer","volume":"43","author":"Bacon","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"BSR20171665","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20171456","article-title":"Knockdown of MRPL42 suppresses glioma cell proliferation by inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis","volume":"38","author":"Hao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1479","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2021.614126","article-title":"Prognostic value and related regulatory networks of MRPL15 in non-small-cell lung cancer","volume":"11","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8471","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21228471","article-title":"Abnormal expression of mitochondrial ribosomal proteins and their encoding genes with cell apoptosis and diseases","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12672-024-01698-3","article-title":"Suppression of MRPL23 induces cellular senescence in hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting HMGB1","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Discov Oncol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1586137","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2025.1586137","article-title":"Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins: potential targets for cancer prognosis and therapy","volume":"15","author":"Zhu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Oncol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamcr.2016.09.012","article-title":"Activation of apoptosis signalling pathways by reactive oxygen species","volume":"1863","author":"Redza-Dutordoir","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1038\/nrc2468","article-title":"Hypoxia, HIF1 and glucose metabolism in the solid tumour","volume":"8","author":"Denko","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cancer"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3909","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16233909","article-title":"High expression of MRPL23 is associated with poor survival in clear-cell renal cell carcinoma","volume":"16","author":"Podemska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1021\/acsptsci.3c00301","article-title":"Inversion of the Warburg effect: unraveling the metabolic nexus between obesity and cancer","volume":"7","author":"Akter","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.02.013","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: the next generation","volume":"144","author":"Hanahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21388","article-title":"The Eighth Edition AJCC Cancer Staging Manual: continuing to build a bridge from a population-based to a more \u201cpersonalized\u201d approach to cancer staging","volume":"67","author":"Amin","year":"2017","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers16050902","article-title":"Ubiquitin B, ubiquitin C, and \u03b2-catenin as promising diagnostic and prognostic tools in prostate cancer","volume":"16","author":"Pi\u0105tkowska","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmpb.2019.05.023","article-title":"Evaluate cutpoints: adaptable continuous data distribution system for determining survival in Kaplan\u2013Meier estimator","volume":"177","author":"Og\u0142uszka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Comput Methods Programs Biomed"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-12-0095","article-title":"The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data","volume":"2","author":"Cerami","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-020-0546-8","article-title":"Visualizing and interpreting cancer genomics data via the Xena platform","volume":"38","author":"Goldman","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e51862","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0051862","article-title":"Cutoff finder: a comprehensive and straightforward web application enabling rapid biomarker cutoff optimization","volume":"7","author":"Budczies","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170070","DOI":"10.1098\/rsob.170070","article-title":"Progress and prospects of early detection in lung cancer","volume":"7","author":"Knight","year":"2017","journal-title":"Open Biol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2020.1863014","article-title":"Long non-coding RNA MRPL23-AS1 promotes tumor progression and carcinogenesis in osteosarcoma by activating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin signaling via inhibiting microRNA miR-30b and upregulating MYH9","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1089\/dna.2020.5482","article-title":"Identification of candidate genes associated with breast cancer prognosis","volume":"39","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"DNA Cell Biol"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fob.2014.04.007","article-title":"Extracellular vesicle-mediated transfer of long non-coding RNA ROR modulates chemosensitivity in human hepatocellular cancer","volume":"4","author":"Takahashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"FEBS Open Bio"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2235","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2018.6461","article-title":"Long noncoding RNA EZR-AS1 promotes tumor growth and metastasis by modulating Wnt\/\u03b2-catenin pathway in breast cancer","volume":"16","author":"Bai","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16124","article-title":"Association between lncRNA-H19 polymorphisms and hepatoblastoma risk in an ethnic Chinese population","volume":"25","author":"Tan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23915","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23673","article-title":"Genetic variants in lncRNA H19 are associated with the risk of oral squamous cell carcinoma in a Chinese population","volume":"9","author":"Yuan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cancergen.2022.04.003","article-title":"Genetic variants in mitochondrial ribosomal protein genes are associated with cancer susceptibility: evidence from a multicenter case-control study","volume":"268\u2013269","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Genet"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nature18003","article-title":"Proteogenomics connects somatic mutations to signalling in breast cancer","volume":"534","author":"Mertins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2025122000274452400_bgaf078-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg2825","article-title":"Tackling the widespread and critical impact of batch effects in high-throughput data","volume":"11","author":"Leek","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"}],"container-title":["Carcinogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/bgaf078\/66040684\/bgaf078.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/46\/4\/bgaf078\/66040684\/bgaf078.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,20]],"date-time":"2025-12-20T05:27:47Z","timestamp":1766208467000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgaf078\/8384509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgaf078","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-3334","1460-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"article-number":"bgaf078"}}