{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T11:24:27Z","timestamp":1770895467239,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]],"date-time":"2025-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766707200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K15938"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K15938"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["19K08443"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["19K08443"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22K07983"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22K07983"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K15039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K15039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["23K19502"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23K19502"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system plays a critical role in maintaining genomic integrity and preventing tumorigenesis. Although MutS homolog 2 (MSH2) is a key component of the MMR system and is dysregulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), the molecular mechanism of MSH2 in the process of HCC development under chronic inflammatory conditions remains unclear. To investigate the function of MSH2 in inflammation-associated hepatocarcinogenesis, we treated hepatocyte-specific Msh2-knockout (Msh2 KO) mice with 0.02% thioacetamide for 30 weeks to induce chronic liver inflammation and examined their phenotype. Msh2 KO mice exhibited higher liver tumor incidence than wild-type mice, with no major differences in inflammation or fibrosis. Whole-exome sequencing analysis revealed that genetic alterations with defective MMR-associated signatures were increased in Msh2 KO tumors, though no common cancer driver genes were identified. Transcriptome analysis revealed enrichment of cell cycle-related gene sets, including the G2M checkpoint and E2F targets. Functional assays further demonstrated that MSH2 downregulation impaired ATM\u2013CHK2-mediated DNA damage response and promoted cell cycle acceleration. MSH2 exerts its tumor-suppressive effects in hepatocytes not only through canonical MMR but also by regulating the cell cycle via the ATM\u2013CHK2 axis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgag005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,26]],"date-time":"2026-01-26T10:17:32Z","timestamp":1769422652000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["MSH2 prevents liver tumorigenesis by regulating cell cycle checkpoints under chronic inflammation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1008-459X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shigeharu","family":"Nakano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5233-4120","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Atsushi","family":"Takai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Iguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Fujii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haruka","family":"Amino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2497-9327","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masayuki","family":"Ueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Teramura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masako","family":"Mishima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ken","family":"Kumagai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tadashi","family":"Inuzuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8954-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Haruhiko","family":"Takeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4426-1491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Eso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahiro","family":"Shimizu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takahisa","family":"Maruno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8509-8128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Seno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University , 54 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507 ,","place":["Japan"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","article-title":"Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries","volume":"71","author":"Sung","year":"2021","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.32723","article-title":"International trends in hepatocellular carcinoma incidence, 1978\u20132012","volume":"147","author":"Petrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cld.2015.01.001","article-title":"Global epidemiology of hepatocellular carcinoma: an emphasis on demographic and regional variability","volume":"19","author":"McGlynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-020-00240-3","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"7","author":"Llovet","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/nature08467","article-title":"The DNA-damage response in human biology and disease","volume":"461","author":"Jackson","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/cr.2007.115","article-title":"Mechanisms and functions of DNA mismatch repair","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.12.064","article-title":"Microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer","volume":"138","author":"Boland","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1200\/PO.17.00073","article-title":"Landscape of microsatellite instability across 39 cancer types","volume":"2017","author":"Bonneville","year":"2017","journal-title":"JCO Precis Oncol"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1266","DOI":"10.1002\/jgh3.12660","article-title":"Exploring microsatellite instability in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and its tumor microenvironment","volume":"5","author":"Mukai","year":"2021","journal-title":"JGH Open"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15180","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms15180","article-title":"Molecular portrait of microsatellite instability across multiple cancers","volume":"8","author":"Cortes-Ciriano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1158\/1541-7786.MCR-17-0735","article-title":"Landscape of tumor mutation load, mismatch repair deficiency, and PD-L1 expression in a large patient cohort of gastrointestinal cancers","volume":"16","author":"Salem","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-1943-3","article-title":"The repertoire of mutational signatures in human cancer","volume":"578","author":"Alexandrov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01358-x","article-title":"Mutational signatures reveal the dynamic interplay of risk factors and cellular processes during liver tumorigenesis","volume":"8","author":"Letouz\u00e9","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1907-7","article-title":"The evolutionary history of 2,658 cancers","volume":"578","author":"Gerstung","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70197","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.70197","article-title":"Acquisition process and clinical relevance of dMMR-associated mutational signatures in hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"45","author":"Ueno","year":"2025","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.1017\/erm.2020.3","article-title":"DNA damage checkpoint kinases in cancer","volume":"22","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Expert Rev Mol Med"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2110","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1206254","article-title":"The mammalian mismatch repair protein MSH2 is required for correct MRE11 and RAD51 relocalization and for efficient cell cycle arrest induced by ionizing radiation in G2 phase","volume":"22","author":"Franchitto","year":"2003","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1038\/ng1052","article-title":"The mismatch repair system is required for S-phase checkpoint activation","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15387","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2536810100","article-title":"MSH2 and ATR form a signaling module and regulate two branches of the damage response to DNA methylation","volume":"100","author":"Wang","year":"2003","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.e04-02-0089","article-title":"Methylator-induced, mismatch repair-dependent G2 arrest is activated through Chk1 and Chk2","volume":"16","author":"Adamson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571-018-0114-z","article-title":"State-of-the-art strategies for targeting the DNA damage response in cancer","volume":"16","author":"Pili\u00e9","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90546-3","article-title":"The human mutator gene homolog MSH2 and its association with hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer","volume":"75","author":"Fishel","year":"1993","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra012242","article-title":"Hereditary colorectal cancer","volume":"348","author":"Lynch","year":"2003","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4383","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-15-2926","article-title":"MSH2 dysregulation is triggered by proinflammatory cytokine stimulation and is associated with liver cancer development","volume":"76","author":"Eso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.13971","article-title":"Protein profiles reveal MSH6\/MSH2 as a potential biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma with microvascular invasion","volume":"54","author":"Hong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.11.009","article-title":"An Msh2 conditional knockout mouse for studying intestinal cancer and testing anticancer agents","volume":"138","author":"Kucherlapati","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1154884","article-title":"Generation of pluripotent stem cells from adult mouse liver and stomach cells","volume":"321","author":"Aoi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-8278(95)80226-6","article-title":"Histological grading and staging of chronic hepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Ishak","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1754","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp324","article-title":"Fast and accurate short read alignment with Burrows\u2013Wheeler transform","volume":"25","author":"Li","year":"2009","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.4161\/fly.19695","article-title":"A program for annotating and predicting the effects of single nucleotide polymorphisms, SnpEff: SNPs in the genome of Drosophila melanogaster strain w1118; iso-2; iso-3","volume":"6","author":"Cingolani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Fly (Austin)"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D941","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gky1015","article-title":"COSMIC: the catalogue of somatic mutations in cancer","volume":"47","author":"Tate","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2008.112797","article-title":"The MIQE guidelines: minimum information for publication of quantitative real-time PCR experiments","volume":"55","author":"Bustin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/bts635","article-title":"STAR: ultrafast universal RNA-Seq aligner","volume":"29","author":"Dobin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2105-12-323","article-title":"RSEM: accurate transcript quantification from RNA-Seq data with or without a reference genome","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btp616","article-title":"Edger: a bioconductor package for differential expression analysis of digital gene expression data","volume":"26","author":"Robinson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15545","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506580102","article-title":"Gene set enrichment analysis: a knowledge-based approach for interpreting genome-wide expression profiles","volume":"102","author":"Subramanian","year":"2005","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"W90","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gkw377","article-title":"Enrichr: a comprehensive gene set enrichment analysis web server 2016 update","volume":"44","author":"Kuleshov","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-018-0539-0","article-title":"MutationalPatterns: comprehensive genome-wide analysis of mutational processes","volume":"10","author":"Blokzijl","year":"2018","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2013.09.025","article-title":"Leptin receptor somatic mutations are frequent in HCV-infected cirrhotic liver and associated with hepatocellular carcinoma","volume":"146","author":"Ikeda","year":"2014","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-019-01555-z","article-title":"Comprehensive analysis of genetic aberrations linked to tumorigenesis in regenerative nodules of liver cirrhosis","volume":"54","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2019.03.026","article-title":"Somatic mutations increase hepatic clonal fitness and regeneration in chronic liver disease","volume":"177","author":"Zhu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1670-9","article-title":"Somatic mutations and clonal dynamics in healthy and cirrhotic human liver","volume":"574","author":"Brunner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-21-1059","article-title":"Hallmarks of cancer: new dimensions","volume":"12","author":"Hanahan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancer Discov"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2017.09.042","article-title":"Universal patterns of selection in cancer and somatic tissues","volume":"171","author":"Martincorena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2175-2","article-title":"Landscape and function of multiple mutations within individual oncogenes","volume":"582","author":"Saito","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"D844","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku770","article-title":"The Candidate Cancer Gene Database: a database of cancer driver genes from forward genetic screens in mice","volume":"43","author":"Abbott","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90319-4","article-title":"Inactivation of the mouse Msh2 gene results in mismatch repair deficiency, methylation tolerance, hyperrecombination, and predisposition to cancer","volume":"82","author":"de Wind","year":"1995","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700941","article-title":"The DNA-mismatch repair enzyme hMSH2 modulates UV-B-induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in melanoma cells","volume":"128","author":"Seifert","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9485273","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/9485273","article-title":"Analysis of the expression and prognostic value of MSH2 in pan-cancer based on bioinformatics","volume":"2021","author":"Qiu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8581","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.onc.1207976","article-title":"Differential regulation of expression of the mammalian DNA repair genes by growth stimulation","volume":"23","author":"Iwanaga","year":"2004","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"2026021205371532800_bgag005-B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.3109\/00365521.2012.752030","article-title":"Hepatocellular carcinoma as extracolonic manifestation of Lynch syndrome indicates SEC63 as potential target gene in hepatocarcinogenesis","volume":"48","author":"Casper","year":"2013","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"}],"container-title":["Carcinogenesis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgag005\/66634137\/bgag005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/47\/1\/bgag005\/66634137\/bgag005.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article-pdf\/47\/1\/bgag005\/66634137\/bgag005.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T10:37:23Z","timestamp":1770892643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/carcin\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgag005\/8444735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgag005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0143-3334","1460-2180"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0143-3334","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2180","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,26]]},"article-number":"bgag005"}}