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This study also examines recent advancements in hydrogen production technologies, including electrolysis, steam methane reforming, and biomass gasification, emphasizing their economic and environmental impacts. Special attention is given to hydrogen produced from renewable sources like solar and wind energy, emphasizing its benefits in reducing carbon emissions and contributing to a sustainable energy future. The review discusses technological challenges, cost factors, and the necessary infrastructure for hydrogen production and storage, particularly in relation to achieving global energy transition goals. Furthermore, the study stresses the importance of government policies and international collaboration to drive the adoption of hydrogen technologies. The study concludes by outlining the transformative potential of hydrogen in decarbonizing key sectors such as transportation and heavy industry. It demonstrates the significant contribution of hydrogen to a low-carbon global energy system and provides valuable insights into its role in improving grid stability, energy security, and supporting sustainable industrial practices.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ce\/zkae112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]],"date-time":"2025-01-03T13:09:33Z","timestamp":1735909773000},"page":"52-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":212,"title":["Hydrogen as a clean energy carrier: advancements, challenges, and its role in a sustainable energy future"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3102-0050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen Okiemute","family":"Akpasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology , PO Box 1334, Durban 4000 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ifeanyi Michael","family":"Smarte Anekwe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Metallurgical, University of Witwatersrand , PO Wits 2050,\u00a0Johannesburg ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1400-7847","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmanuel Kweinor","family":"Tetteh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Green Engineering Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & the Built Environment, Durban University of Technology , PO Box 1334, Durban 4000 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7157-1383","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ubani Oluwaseun","family":"Amune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Edo State University , PMB 04, Auchi,\u00a0Uzairue ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9786-5614","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sherif Ishola","family":"Mustapha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Chemical and Metallurgical, University of Witwatersrand , PO Wits 2050,\u00a0Johannesburg ,","place":["South Africa"]},{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Ilorin , PMB 1515, Ilorin,\u00a0Kwara State ,","place":["Nigeria"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2586-369X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sammy Lewis","family":"Kiambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering, Vaal University of Technology , X021,Vanderbijlpark 1900 ,","place":["South Africa"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122574","DOI":"10.1016\/j.techfore.2023.122574","article-title":"Socio-economic aspects of hydrogen energy: an integrative review","volume":"192","author":"Sharma","year":"2023","journal-title":"Technol Forecast Soc Change"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijhydene.2023.08.044","article-title":"Fueling the future: a comprehensive review of hydrogen energy systems and their challenges","volume":"54","author":"Le","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Hydrog Energy"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1002\/9783527674268.ch29","article-title":"Cryo-compressed hydrogen storage","volume-title":"Hydrog Sci Eng Mater Process Syst Technol","author":"Brunner","year":"2016"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gsf.2023.101757","article-title":"Natural resource scarcity, fossil fuel energy consumption, and total greenhouse gas emissions in top emitting countries","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Geosci Front"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scp.2024.101492","article-title":"Critical upstream technologies for hydrogen energy industry: research progress on ammonia decomposition catalysts","volume":"38","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sustainable Chem Pharm"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120911","DOI":"10.1016\/j.renene.2024.120911","article-title":"A comprehensive review of green hydrogen energy systems","volume":"231","author":"Kourougianni","year":"2024","journal-title":"Renew Energy"},{"key":"2025012215493455100_CIT0007","first-page":"81","volume-title":"SDG 3: Ensure Healthy Lives and Promote Wellbeing for All at All Ages. 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