{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T21:32:24Z","timestamp":1792099944386,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]],"date-time":"2022-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669766400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004319","name":"Pfizer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004319","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Alopecia areata (AA) has features of both autoimmune and atopic pathogenesis, but information on the risk of people with AA developing autoimmune and atopic conditions is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the prevalence and incidence of atopic and autoimmune conditions in people with AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This was a population-based cohort study of 8051 adults with newly diagnosed AA (AA group) and 32 204 adults in the matched control group, using the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) network primary care database, 2009\u20132018 (trial registration number: NCT04239521). Baseline prevalence of common atopic and autoimmune conditions, and risk of new-onset atopic and autoimmune disease, were estimated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atopic and autoimmune conditions were more prevalent in the AA group than the control group (atopic 37.2% vs. 26.7%, autoimmune 11.5% vs. 7.9%). The AA group were 43% more likely to develop any new-onset atopic condition [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.43. 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.28\u20131.61] and 45% more likely to develop any autoimmune condition (aHR 1.45, 95% CI 1.28\u20131.66) compared with the control group. When examining individual conditions, the AA group were at increased risk of atopic dermatitis (aHR 1.91, 95% CI 1.67\u20132.19), allergic rhinitis (aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.14\u20131.54), autoimmune hypothyroidism (aHR 1.65, 95% CI 1.35\u20132.02), systemic lupus erythematosus (aHR 4.51, 95% CI 1.88\u201310.82) and vitiligo (aHR 2.39, 95% CI 1.49\u20133.82). There was no evidence for a higher incidence of other conditions examined.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>People with AA have an increased burden of atopic and autoimmune comorbidity. This supports previous work suggesting that both T helper cell (Th)1 and Th2 immune responses may be implicated in the pathogenesis of AA.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llac104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T09:24:46Z","timestamp":1674206686000},"page":"325-331","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Alopecia areata and risk of atopic and autoimmune conditions: population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Susan","family":"Holmes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust , Salford , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC) and NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby E","family":"Macbeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Norwich , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing S","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Ltd, Walton on the Hill , Tadworth, Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"de Lusignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Royal College of General Practitioners, Research and Surveillance Centre , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Messenger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1662-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Tziotzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London , London , UK"},{"name":"Guy's Hospital , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.2012.10955.x","article-title":"British Association of Dermatologists\u2019 guidelines for the management of alopecia areata 2012","volume":"166","author":"Messenger","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jisp.2017.10.014","article-title":"Hair follicle immune privilege revisited: the key to alopecia areata management","volume":"19","author":"Paus","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1087-0024.2003.00807.x","article-title":"The hair follicle and immune privilege","volume":"8","author":"Paus","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol Symp Proc"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2013.3049","article-title":"Autoimmune, atopic, and mental health comorbid conditions associated with alopecia areata in the United States","volume":"149","author":"Huang","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2009.04.031","article-title":"History of atopy or autoimmunity increases risk of alopecia areata","volume":"61","author":"Barahmani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-3083.2006.01676.x","article-title":"Profile of 513 patients with alopecia areata: associations of disease subtypes with atopy, autoimmune disease and positive family history","volume":"20","author":"Goh","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023100315294128700_llac104-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-020-09115-x","article-title":"Is there an association between alopecia areata and systemic lupus \u00aderythematosus? 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