{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:17:51Z","timestamp":1784726271697,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]],"date-time":"2022-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669852800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Pfizer. Project management, medical writing and statistical"},{"name":"Momentum Data, UK"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014653","name":"Manchester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014653","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>It is not known whether alopecia areata (AA) is associated with a greater or reduced risk for infection.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We undertook a population-based study exploring associations between AA and common infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We extracted primary care records from the UK Oxford-Royal College of General Practitioners Research and Surveillance Centre database (trial registration: NCT04239521). The incidence of common and viral infection composite outcomes, and individual respiratory, gastrointestinal (GI), skin, urinary tract, genital and herpes infections, were compared in people with AA (AA group, n = 10 391) and a propensity-matched control group (n = 41 564). Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs), controlling for sociodemographic and clinical covariates, and comorbidities were used to estimate the association between AA and each infection over 5\u2005years.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The incidence (per 100 person-years) of common infections was slightly higher in the AA group [14.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 13.8\u201314.6] than the control group (11.7, 95% CI 11.5\u201311.9). In adjusted analysis, positive associations were observed for composite outcomes (common infections aHR 1.13, 95% CI 1.09\u20131.17; viral infections aHR 1.11, 95% CI 1.07\u20131.16) and with respiratory tract, GI, skin and herpes simplex infections (aHR range 1.09\u20131.32). Excluding people in the control group without a recent consultation with their general practitioner showed no association between AA and infection (common infections aHR 1.01, 95% CI 0.98\u20131.05, viral infections aHR 0.99, 95% CI 0.95\u20131.03).<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The association between AA and common infection may represent a higher propensity of people with AA to engage with healthcare services (and thereby to have infections recorded), rather than a true association between AA and infection. Overall our findings suggest that AA is not associated with a clinically significantly increased or decreased incidence of common infections.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llac106","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T14:24:50Z","timestamp":1674224690000},"page":"332-338","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Alopecia areata and risk of common infections: a population-based cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Andrew G","family":"Messenger","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew","family":"Harries","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Dermatology Centre, Salford Royal Hospital, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust , Salford , UK"},{"name":"Centre for Dermatology Research, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre (MAHSC) & NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Manchester , Manchester , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby E","family":"Macbeth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk & Norwich University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Norwich , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wing Sin","family":"Chiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pfizer Ltd, Walton on the Hill , Tadworth, Surrey , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Holmes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alan Lyell Centre for Dermatology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital , Glasgow , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1662-4494","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christos","family":"Tziotzios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London, Guys Hospital , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8553-2641","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simon","family":"de Lusignan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Royal College of General Practitioners, Research and Surveillance Centre , London , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100315294235000_llac106-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20628","article-title":"The epidemiology of alopecia areata: a population-based cohort study in UK primary care","volume":"186","author":"Harries","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100315294235000_llac106-B2","first-page":"397","article-title":"Epidemiology and burden 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