{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T01:59:58Z","timestamp":1780538398511,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bedbugs are on the rise in urban populations across the world, perhaps reflecting the ban on the use of organophosphates in many countries worldwide. They are flat obligate haematophagous insects, preferring humans, and as a consequence the bedbug bites lack toxins and can often go unnoticed for some time. Bites can, however, cause weals, purpura, petechiae, vesicles, pustules, papular urticaria, localized infection and rarely anaphylaxis. Infestations have to be confirmed by finding the bugs, usually around the bed of the person being bitten. Eradication usually requires a combination of physical (for example high temperature, mattresses protectors, traps, cold) and chemical methods (for example chrysanthemic acid derivatives plus potentiators such as geraniol and piperonyl butoxide or acetylcholine esterase inhibitors).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llac140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,20]],"date-time":"2023-01-20T14:26:14Z","timestamp":1674224774000},"page":"453-461","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bedbugs: how to diagnose and manage cases of infestations"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"given":"Kate E","family":"Shipman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex , Brighton, East Sussex , UK"},{"name":"Clinical Chemistry Department, University Hospitals Sussex, Worthing Hospital , Worthing , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1437-0163","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gary","family":"Weaving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Chemistry Department, University Hospitals Sussex, Worthing Hospital , Worthing , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexa R","family":"Shipman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, St Mary\u2019s Hospital, Portsmouth University Hospital NHS Trust , Portsmouth , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2011.01006.x","article-title":"The re-emergence of the bed bug as a nuisance pest: implications of resistance to the pyrethroid insecticides","volume":"26","author":"Davies","year":"2012","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4182\/BQCN5049","volume-title":"Monograph of Cimicidae (Hempitera \u2013 Heteroptera). Thomas Say Foundation, Vol. 7","author":"Usinger","year":"1966"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B3","first-page":"17","article-title":"The incidence of fleas and bed bugs in Britain","volume":"16","author":"Cornwell","year":"1974","journal-title":"Int Pest Control"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4576","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17124576","article-title":"Bed bugs (Hemiptera, Cimicidae): overview of classification, evolution and dispersion)","volume":"17","author":"Akhoundi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1002\/pan3.10096","article-title":"Socioeconomic drivers of urban pest prevalence","volume":"2","author":"Sutherland","year":"2020","journal-title":"People Nature"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1093\/ae\/52.2.105","article-title":"Bed bugs in America: a pest management industry survey","volume":"52","author":"Gangloff-Kaufmann","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am Entomolog"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1093\/jme\/tjac035","article-title":"Prevalence of cockroaches, bed bugs and house mice in low-income housing and evaluation of baits for monitoring house mouse infestations","volume":"59","author":"Abbar","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2020.12.004","article-title":"Sleeping with the enemy: everything you need to know about the biology, clinical significance and laboratory identification of bed bugs","volume":"43","author":"Mathison","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Newsl"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.06.025","article-title":"Evolution: bed bugs evolved before their assumed ancestral host","volume":"29","author":"Booth","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2019.04.048","article-title":"Bed bugs evolved before their bat hosts and did not co-speciate with ancient humans","volume":"29","author":"Roth","year":"2079","journal-title":"Current Biol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-012-2862-5","article-title":"Mitochondrial DNA and morphology show independent evolutionary histories of bedbug Cimex lectularius (Heteroptera: Cimicidae) on bats and humans","volume":"111","author":"Balv\u00edn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B12","author":"Potter"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B13","author":"Bed Bug Foundation"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ento.52.040306.133913","article-title":"Biology of the bed bugs (Cimicidae)","volume":"52","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2007","journal-title":"Annu Rev Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinsphys.2013.08.012","article-title":"Standard metabolic rate of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius: effects of temperature, mass and life stage","volume":"59","author":"DeVries","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Insect Physiol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.3801.885","article-title":"The bed bug: prevention of house infestation","volume":"2","author":"[No author]","year":"1933","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1007\/s10886-008-9446-y","article-title":"Identification of the airborne aggregation pheromone of the common bed bug,\u00a0Cimex lectularius","volume":"34","author":"Siljander","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Chem Ecol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11668","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-11850-5","article-title":"Bed bug aggregation on dirty laundry: a mechanism for passive dispersal","volume":"7","author":"Hentley","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.14-0483","article-title":"Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) as vectors for Trypanosoma cruzi","volume":"92","author":"Salazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B20","first-page":"345","article-title":"The ecology of the bed-bug, Cimex lectularius L., in Britain \u2013 report on research 1935049","volume":"41","author":"Johnson","year":"1941","journal-title":"J Hygiene (Lond)"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.3390\/insects2020151","article-title":"Stress tolerance of bed bugs: a review of factors that cause trauma to Cimex lectularius L. and C. hemipterus","volume":"2","author":"Benoit","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1603\/ME10018","article-title":"Effects of temperature and humidity on the survival and water loss of Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)","volume":"47","author":"How","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4471-1356-0","volume-title":"Arthropods and Human Skin","author":"Alexander","year":"1984"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.107629","article-title":"Insect bite reactions","volume":"79","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.12332","article-title":"The eyelid sign: a clue to bed bug bites","volume":"31","author":"Quach","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ped Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2020.104564","article-title":"Severe anemia due to bed bugs hyperinfestation","volume":"149","author":"Izri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2011.08.010","article-title":"Psychological effects of bed bug attacks","volume":"125","author":"Goddard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psym.2011.08.001","article-title":"Psychiatric consequences of actual versus feared and perceived bed bug infestations: a case series examining a current epidemic","volume":"53","author":"Rieder","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2020.10.070","article-title":"Bed bugs are associated with anemia","volume":"46","author":"Sheele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1661-8","article-title":"Bed bugs and possible transmission of human pathogens: a systematic review","volume":"308","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1992.01680120148027","article-title":"Delayed reaction to bed bug bites","volume":"128","author":"Sansom","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12764","DOI":"10.1111\/pim.12764","article-title":"Human immunoglobulin G responses to Cimex lectularius L. saliva","volume":"42","author":"Sheele","year":"2020","journal-title":"Parasite Immunol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B33","first-page":"90","article-title":"Multiple feeding by the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius, without sensitization","volume":"2","author":"Goddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Midsouth Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2008.00793.x","article-title":"Sensitivity to bites by the bed bug, Cimex lectularius","volume":"23","author":"Reinhardt","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1468-3083.2003.00778.x","article-title":"Disseminated bullous eruptions with systemic reaction caused by Cimex lectularius","volume":"17","author":"Liebold","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1159\/000345134","article-title":"Bed bug saliva causes release of monocytic inflammatory mediators: plausible cause of cutaneous bite reactions","volume":"161","author":"Goddard","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Arch Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2659","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.201.18.2659","article-title":"Purification and cloning of the salivary nitrophorin from the hemipteran Cimex lectularius","volume":"201","author":"Valenzuela","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1996.0065","article-title":"A novel inhibitor of factor X activation from the salivary glands of the bed bug Cimex lectularius","volume":"83","author":"Valenzuela","year":"1996","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30583","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.46.30583","article-title":"Purification, cloning, and expression of an apyrase from the bed bug Cimex lectularius: a new type of nucleotide-binding enzyme","volume":"273","author":"Valenzuela","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jid.5700012","article-title":"Allergic hypersensitivity to nitrophorin","volume":"126","author":"Leverkus","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2012.01.034","article-title":"IgE against bed bug (Cimex lectularius) allergens are common among adults bitten by bed bugs","volume":"129","author":"Price","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.2165\/11311140-000000000-00000","article-title":"Recurrent episodes of painful and pruritic red skin lesions","volume":"11","author":"Cohen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(77)92834-3","article-title":"Hepatitis-B virus in bed bugs (Cimex hemipterus) from Senegal","volume":"2","author":"Wills","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6193.752","article-title":"] Bed bugs, insects and hepatitis C","volume":"2","author":"[No authors","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-016-1661-8","article-title":"Bed bugs and possible transmission of human pathogens: a systematic review","volume":"308","author":"Lai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2016.01.100","article-title":"Characterization of Cimex lectularius (bed bug) defensin peptide and its antimicrobial activity against human skin microflora","volume":"470","author":"Kaushal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14438","article-title":"Dermatitis caused by arthropods in domestic environment: an Italian multicentre study","volume":"31","author":"Stingeni","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-005-0076-9","article-title":"Patients with papular urticaria have IgG antibodies to bed bug (Cimex lectularius) antigens","volume":"98","author":"Abdel-Naser","year":"2006","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurpra.2017.03.018","article-title":"Bed bugs: current treatment guidelines","volume":"13","author":"McNeil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nurse Pract"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13625","article-title":"Bed bug dermatitis: detection dog as a useful survey tool for environmental research of Cimex lectularius","volume":"56","author":"Masini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e08107","article-title":"Investigating the association of bed bugs with infectious diseases: a retrospective case-control study","volume":"7","author":"Sheele","year":"2021","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1358","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.405","article-title":"Bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) and clinical consequences of their bites","volume":"301","author":"Goddard","year":"2009","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.05015-11","article-title":"Bed bugs: clinical relevance and control options","volume":"25","author":"Doggett","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tplants.2020.06.012","article-title":"How plants synthesize pyretrhins: safe and biodegradable insecticides","volume":"25","author":"Lybrand","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trends Plant Sci"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112931","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2019.07.099","article-title":"Survey of bioaccessible pyrethroid insecticides and sediment toxicity in urban streams of the northeast United States","volume":"254","author":"Huff Hartz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1002\/arch.20355","article-title":"Widespread distribution of knockdown resistance mutation in the bed bug Cimex lectularius (Hempitera: cimicidae), populations in the United States","volume":"73","author":"Zhu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Insect Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B57","first-page":"175","article-title":"Insecticide resistance in the bed bug: a factor in the pest\u2019s sudden resurgence","volume":"44","author":"Romero","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1186\/s13071-017-2232-3","article-title":"Insecticide resistance and resistance mechanisms in bed bugs, Cimex spp. (Hempitera: Cimicidae)","volume":"10","author":"Dang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Parasit Vectors"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1603\/033.046.0107","article-title":"Behavioral responses of the bed but to insecticides residues","volume":"46","author":"Romero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Med Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2310","DOI":"10.1603\/029.102.0637","article-title":"Evaluation of piperonyl butoxide as a deltamethrin synergist for pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs","volume":"102","author":"Romero","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Econon Ento"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104829","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pestbp.2021.104829","article-title":"Plant essential oil constituents enhance deltamethrin toxicity in a resistant population of bed bugs (Cimex lectularius L) by inhibiting cytochrome P450 enzymes","volume":"175","author":"Gaire","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pesticide Biochem Physiol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B62","first-page":"247","article-title":"Sterilization of bed-bug, Cimex hemipterus Fabr. with bisazir","volume":"89","author":"Mishra","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Appl Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B63","first-page":"R761","article-title":"Quick guide Neonicotinamides","volume":"28","author":"Bass","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jip.2012.04.009","article-title":"A preliminary evaluation of the potential of Beauveria bassiana for bed bug control","volume":"111","author":"Barbarin","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Invert Pathol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/insects2020232","article-title":"Survivorship during starvation for Cimex lectularius L","volume":"2","author":"Polango","year":"2011","journal-title":"Insects"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2915.2009.00832.x","article-title":"Responses of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius, to temperature extremes and dehydration: levels of tolerance, rapid cold hardening and expression of heat shock proteins","volume":"23","author":"Benoit","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med Vet Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102065","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmaid.2021.102065","article-title":"Rapid control method of bed bugs infestation by freezing","volume":"42","author":"Chebbah","year":"2021","journal-title":"Travel Med Infect Dis"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1603\/EC09288","article-title":"Practical solutions for treating laundry infested with Cimex lectularius (hemiptera: cimicidae)","volume":"103","author":"Naylor","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Econ Entomol"},{"key":"2023100416440449900_llac140-B69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"838","DOI":"10.1002\/ps.4504","article-title":"Mortality, fecundity and development among bed bugs (Cimex lectularius) expose to prolonged, intermediate cold stress","volume":"73","author":"Rukke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pest Manag Sci"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llac140\/49456886\/llac140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/48\/5\/453\/51854728\/llac140.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/48\/5\/453\/51854728\/llac140.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,5]],"date-time":"2023-12-05T03:26:50Z","timestamp":1701746810000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article\/48\/5\/453\/6966543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ced\/llac140","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938","1365-2230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-6938","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]]}}}