{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:34:30Z","timestamp":1790116470939,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":9,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675036800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"National Research Foundation of Korea","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Korea government","award":["2020R1F1A1054401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020R1F1A1054401"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Low sensitivity of the PCR assay for diagnosing scabies has been noted because of the difficulty in obtaining tissue containing Sarcoptes scabiei DNA.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To evaluate nested real-time quantitative PCR (nRT-qPCR) with nonexpert-dependent standardized cotton swab sampling (CSW) as a tool for diagnosing scabies.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>All patients underwent dermoscopic and microscopic examination (MS) with scraped sampling (Sc). Patient samples were acquired with a single, dry swab rubbed across the flexor areas of both wrists as well as the eight interdigital spaces and on any suspected scabies lesions. nRT-qPCRs were performed with Sc and CSW samples.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Out of 125 patients with suspected scabies, 120 patients were sampled, and 57 were positive (positive with: MS n = 53; nRT-qPCR with Sc n = 52; nRT-qPCR with CSW n = 46) and 63 were negative for scabies. The sensitivities of these tests were 93.0%, 91.2% and 80.7%, respectively, which were not different statistically (P &amp;gt; 0.05). However, upon subsequent monitoring after treatment, the sensitivity of nRT-qPCR with CSW was only 36.6%, which was significantly lower than 83.0% for MS and 92.7% for nRT-qPCR with Sc (P &amp;lt; 0.001). The obtained sequences showed 97%\u2013100% homology with scabies sequences deposited in GenBank.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>CSW with nRT-qPCR shows sensitivity close to MS with scraping performed by experts for diagnosing scabies in an outpatient setting, but not for post-treatment monitoring. CSW with nRT-qPCR may be useful for physicians unfamiliar with a traditional diagnostic method, and for screening an outbreak in community facilities.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llad031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]],"date-time":"2023-01-30T21:20:37Z","timestamp":1675113637000},"page":"504-509","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Standardized cotton swab sampling with nested quantitative polymerase chain reaction is effective for diagnosing ordinary scabies"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4742-3396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hyun Chul","family":"Chung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9327-3937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eun Ji","family":"Chun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7488-4433","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joon Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9717-9710","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sang Seok","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0970-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chul Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine , Seoul , Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1159\/000077310","article-title":"Dermoscopy for the in vivo detection of Sarcoptes scabiei","volume":"208","author":"Prins","year":"2004","journal-title":"Dermatology"},{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B2","first-page":"197","article-title":"Scabies polymerase chain reaction with standardized dry swab sampling: an easy tool for cluster diagnosis of human scabies","volume":"182","author":"Delaunay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.16657","article-title":"The efficacy of a nested polymerase chain reaction in detecting the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis for diagnosing scabies","volume":"179","author":"Hahm","year":"2018","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.19340","article-title":"Development and efficacy of a nested real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction to identify the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene of Sarcoptes \u00adscabiei var. hominis for diagnosis and monitoring of ordinary scabies","volume":"183","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1001\/archdermatol.2011.51","article-title":"Comparison of dermoscopy, skin scraping, and the adhesive tape test for the diagnosis of scabies in a resource-poor setting","volume":"147","author":"Walter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00073-15","article-title":"Development of conventional and real-time quantitative PCR assays for diagnosis and monitoring of scabies","volume":"53","author":"Wong","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"587","key":"2023100416452650900_llad031-B7","article-title":"Universal conventional and real-time PCR diagnosis tools for Sarcoptes scabiei","volume":"8","author":"Angelone-Alasaad","year":"2015","journal-title":"Parasit 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