{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:24:46Z","timestamp":1780496686388,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685059200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Janus kinase (JAK) refers to a family of tyrosine kinases that are involved in the production of proinflammatory mediators in response to various extracellular signals. The JAK\u2013signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is an appealing target in many inflammatory illnesses as this pathway modulates immune cell activation and T-cell-mediated inflammation in response to several cytokines. The practical considerations of prescription for topical and oral JAK inhibitors (JAKis) in atopic dermatitis, vitiligo and psoriasis have been covered in prior publications. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration has approved the topical JAKi ruxolitinib for atopic dermatitis and nonsegmental vitiligo. None of the remaining first- or second-generation topical JAKis have been approved for topical application in any dermatological indications so far. For this review, the PubMed database was searched using \u2018topical\u2019 and \u2018JAK inhibitor\u2019 or \u2018Janus kinase inhibitor\u2019 or the names of individual drug molecules as the keyword in the title with no date limits. The description of topical JAKi usage in dermatology from the literature was evaluated in each abstract. The current review concentrates on emphasizing the rising use of topical JAKis in both approved and off-label dermatological applications for both old and novel conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llad188","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]],"date-time":"2023-05-26T19:15:05Z","timestamp":1685128505000},"page":"1102-1112","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Emerging role of topical Janus kinase inhibitors in dermatological disorders: a review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"48","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9912-0085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunil","family":"Dogra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9495-7502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apoorva","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitaishi","family":"Mehta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College and associated Hospitals , New Delhi , India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-019-00347-w","article-title":"Systemic treatment of psoriasis with JAK inhibitors: a review","volume":"10","author":"Kvist-Hansen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"790125","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.790125","article-title":"Janus kinase inhibitors in the treatment of vitiligo: a review","volume":"12","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1080\/1744666X.2022.1993061","article-title":"Evaluating topical JAK inhibitors as a treatment option for atopic dermatitis","volume":"18","author":"Fardos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Expert Rev Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B4","author":"Kavanaugh"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.3324\/haematol.2016.143677","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in an open-label, multicentre, single-arm phase 3b expanded-access study in patients with myelofibrosis: a snapshot of 1144 patients in the JUMP trial","volume":"101","author":"Al-Ali","year":"2016","journal-title":"Haematologica"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.14871","article-title":"Topical tofacitinib for atopic dermatitis: a phase IIa randomized trial","volume":"175","author":"Bissonnette","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"854","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2021.06.014","article-title":"Delgocitinib ointment in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and a subsequent open-\u00adlabel, long-term study","volume":"85","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.12.015","article-title":"Delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis: a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled study and an open-label, long-term extension study","volume":"82","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1111\/1346-8138.15173","article-title":"Long-term safety and efficacy of delgocitinib ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, in adult patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"47","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2019.08.004","article-title":"Phase 2 clinical study of delgocitinib ointment in pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis","volume":"144","author":"Nakagawa","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.21826","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical brepocitinib for the treatment of mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a phase IIb, randomised, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, dose-ranging and parallel-group study","volume":"187","author":"Landis","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13572","article-title":"Two cases of vitiligo vulgaris treated with topical Janus kinase inhibitor delgocitinib","volume":"62","author":"Yagi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1111\/pde.14159","article-title":"Tofacitinib cream plus narrowband ultraviolet B phototherapy for segmental vitiligo in a child","volume":"37","author":"Olamiju","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.04.032","article-title":"A pilot study of 2% tofacitinib cream with narrowband ultraviolet B for the treatment of facial vitiligo","volume":"81","author":"McKesey","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18606","article-title":"Open-label pilot study of tofacitinib 2% for the treatment of refractory vitiligo","volume":"182","author":"Mobasher","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B16","author":"NCT03468855"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2015.4445","article-title":"Topical ruxolitinib for the treatment of alopecia universalis","volume":"152","author":"Craiglow","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.31744\/einstein_journal\/2020AI5452","article-title":"Topical tofacitinib in treatment of alopecia areata","volume":"18","author":"Ferreira","year":"2020","journal-title":"Einstein (Sao Paulo)"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1177\/1203475417716363","article-title":"A case of topical ruxolitinib treatment failure in alopecia areata","volume":"21","author":"Deeb","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Cutan Med Surg"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2019.10.016","article-title":"Ruxolitinib cream for the treatment of patients with alopecia areata: a 2-part, double-blind, randomized, vehicle-controlled phase 2 study","volume":"82","author":"Olsen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14192","article-title":"Treatment of alopecia universalis with topical Janus kinase inhibitors \u2013 a double blind, placebo and active controlled pilot study","volume":"57","author":"Bokhari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-022-02336-0","article-title":"A phase 2a randomized vehicle-controlled multi-center study of the safety and efficacy of delgocitinib in subjects with moderate-to-severe alopecia areata","volume":"315","author":"Mikhaylov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20419","article-title":"Topical tofacitinib for the treatment of alopecia areata affecting facial hair","volume":"185","author":"Kerkemeyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.10.043","article-title":"Tofacitinib 2% ointment, a topical Janus kinase inhibitor, for the treatment of alopecia areata: a pilot study of 10 patients","volume":"78","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2018.02.031","article-title":"Topical 2% tofacitinib for children with alopecia areata, alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis","volume":"78","author":"Putterman","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.03.024","article-title":"Topical Janus kinase inhibitors for the treatment of pediatric alopecia areata","volume":"77","author":"Bayart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B27","first-page":"800","article-title":"Successful treatment of severe alopecia areata with oral or topical tofacitinib","volume":"17","author":"Cheng","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B28","author":"NCT02553330"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B29","author":"NCT02812342"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B30","author":"NCT02561585"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.12266","article-title":"A randomized phase 2a efficacy and safety trial of the topical Janus kinase inhibitor tofacitinib in the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis","volume":"169","author":"Ports","year":"2013","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B32","first-page":"777","article-title":"Randomized pilot clinical trial of tofacitinib solution for plaque psoriasis: challenges of the intra-subject study design","volume":"14","author":"Ports","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Drugs Dermatol"},{"issue":"15","key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B33","article-title":"Treatment of plaque psoriasis with an ointment formulation of the Janus kinase inhibitor, tofacitinib: a phase 2b randomized clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Papp","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMC Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B34","author":"Callis Duffin"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2011.12.018","article-title":"Preliminary clinical activity of a topical JAK1\/2 inhibitor in the treatment of psoriasis","volume":"67","author":"Punwani","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.13994","article-title":"Downmodulation of key inflammatory cell markers with a topical Janus kinase 1\/2 inhibitor","volume":"173","author":"Punwani","year":"2015","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B37","author":"NCT03683719"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B38","article-title":"A phase 2b trial evaluating the efficacy of delgocitinib cream for the treatment of chronic hand eczema (CHE) using and validating the Hand Eczema Severity Index (HECSI)","volume":"85","author":"Soerensen","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.18469","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical delgocitinib in patients with chronic hand eczema: data from a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled phase IIa study","volume":"182","author":"Worm","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B40","author":"NCT03697460"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2109","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jid.2022.01.015","article-title":"Ruxolitinib cream in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus: a prospective, open-\u00adlabel study","volume":"142","author":"Brumfiel","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Invest Dermatol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3915","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2021-144743","article-title":"Interim results of a pilot, prospective, randomized, double-blinded, vehicle- and comparator-controlled trial on safety and efficacy of a topical inhibitor of Janus kinase 1\/2 (ruxolitinib incb018424 phosphate 1.5% cream) for non-sclerotic and superficially sclerotic chronic cutaneous graft-versus-host disease","volume":"138","author":"Markova","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B43","author":"NCT03395340"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.03.012","article-title":"Topical Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription inhibitor tofacitinib is effective in reducing nonatopic dermatitis chronic itch: a case series","volume":"87","author":"Ju","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2023091916465991500_llad188-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.01.016","article-title":"Refractory granuloma faciale successfully treated with adjunct topical JAK inhibitor","volume":"33","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llad188\/50949803\/llad188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/48\/10\/1102\/51685178\/llad188.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/48\/10\/1102\/51685178\/llad188.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]],"date-time":"2023-09-19T17:08:02Z","timestamp":1695143282000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article\/48\/10\/1102\/7180817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,19]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ced\/llad188","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938","1365-2230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-6938","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,26]]}}}