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Distinct histological subtypes include lentigo maligna (LM), superficial spreading (SS) MIS and acral lentiginous (AL) MIS. LM is the most common subtype, usually diagnosed later in life (median age at diagnosis of 66\u201372\u2005years) and associated with cumulative ultraviolet radiation exposure. SS MIS is associated with intense episodes of sun exposure and is more common on the trunk and extremities. AL MIS is seen in nonhair-bearing skin. AL MIS, although rare (0.6% of MIS in England), is found in a higher proportion in more pigmented skin types compared with other MIS subtypes. Most international studies between 1990 and 2019 report rising incidence for MIS. US data show a decline in the incidence of LM between 2015 and 2019. For 2013\u20132019 in England, the recorded incidence of LM is plateauing, whereas that of other MIS is rising. Definitive diagnosis of MIS is by histological examination of biopsied skin with immunohistochemistry but can be supported with dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy. Surgical treatment (excision or Mohs micrographic surgery) is the gold standard. Depending on MIS subtype, other options such as cryotherapy, topical imiquimod, radiotherapy or watchful waiting may be appropriate. The latest 5-year net-survival rates in England between 2013 and 2015 are 98.6% for AL MIS and exceed 100% for all other MIS. This review summarizes the aetiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis and management of MIS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae465","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T07:25:54Z","timestamp":1729841154000},"page":"529-536","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Cutaneous melanoma <i>in situ<\/i>: a review"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8847-7537","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitrios","family":"Karponis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilse","family":"Joshy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis A","family":"Stratigos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul J","family":"Craig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cellular Pathology, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Cheltenham ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4770-9335","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khaylen","family":"Mistry","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Birgitta","family":"van Bodegraven","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Association of Dermatologists , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"National Disease Registration Service, Data and Analytics , NHS England, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zoe C","family":"Venables","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"National Disease Registration Service, Data and Analytics , NHS England, London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3393-8305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nick J","family":"Levell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia , Norwich ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1080\/14737140.2018.1489246","article-title":"The eighth edition American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) melanoma staging system: implications for melanoma treatment and care","volume":"18","author":"Keung","year":"2018","journal-title":"Expert Rev Anticancer Ther"},{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(196605)19:5<607::AID-CNCR2820190502>3.0.CO;2-8","article-title":"On the antiquity of melanoma","volume":"19","author":"Urteaga","year":"1966","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(03)00150-1","article-title":"UV-induced skin damage","volume":"189","author":"Ichihashi","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0265-6","article-title":"Ultraviolet radiation-induced DNA damage is prognostic for outcome in melanoma","volume":"25","author":"Trucco","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4725.1988.tb03588.x","article-title":"Epidemiology of malignant melanoma: intermittent or total accumulated exposure to the sun?","volume":"14","author":"Armstrong","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Dermatol Surg Oncol"},{"key":"2025022416242944700_llae465-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1996.168","article-title":"Comparison between lentigo maligna melanoma and other histogenetic types of malignant melanoma of the head and neck. 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