{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,27]],"date-time":"2025-09-27T22:04:37Z","timestamp":1759010677331,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Trials evaluating the effectiveness of topical treatments for actinic cheilitis (AC) are scarce. Despite no comparative data, phenol-croton peeling has been reported as effective in treating this condition.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To assess for the treatment of AC the efficacy and tolerability of a single session of 1.6% phenol-croton peeling vs. topical 5% imiquimod cream applied for 30\u2005days for the treatment of AC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An open, randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare the effectiveness and tolerability of 1.6% phenol-croton peeling vs. topical 5% imiquimod for the treatment of AC [protocol registered at ReBEC (Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials) \u2013 RBR-1044sz68]. Thirty-six patients with biopsy-proven AC were allocated into two groups (1 : 1): the imiquimod group received 5% topical imiquimod three times a week for 30\u2005days, and the croton group underwent one session of 1.6% phenol-croton peeling. The primary outcome was the clearance of AC after 56\u2005days. Secondary outcomes included clinical and histological parameters, adverse effects and clinical results after 180\u2005days.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Complete clinical clearance of AC (defined as clearance of both leukoplakia and hyperkeratosis) at day 56 and day 180 occurred in 17 of 18 (94%) participants from the croton group but in none of the 18 participants in the imiquimod group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Improvement in all clinical parameters was more prominent in the croton group (P \u2264 0.01). Complete histological normalization at day 56 occurred in 72% of the croton group and only 17% in the imiquimod group (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Histological parameters such as atypia (keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia score), solar elastosis and hyperkeratosis reduced in intensity only in the croton group (P &amp;lt; 0.05). Adverse effects were most intense on day 7 in the croton group and persisted until day 21 in the imiquimod group. The study was prematurely terminated at the interim analysis.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>A single session of 1.6% phenol-croton peeling produced clinically and histologically superior results with a shorter recovery period compared with imiquimod for treating AC.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T16:58:08Z","timestamp":1732208288000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy and tolerability of 1.6% phenol-croton peeling vs. topical 5% imiquimod in the treatment of actinic cheilitis: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5867-1454","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luiz Eduardo Fabr\u00edcio de Melo","family":"Garbers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8926-734X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna Carolina","family":"Miola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vinicius","family":"de Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2614-9244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christina","family":"de Castro Brommonschenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8848-3040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fl\u00e1vio","family":"de Oliveira Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4664-6929","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eliana Maria","family":"Minicucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2596-9294","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H\u00e9lio Amante","family":"Miot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, UNESP Medical School , Botucatu, SP 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