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CBM is considered a neglected tropical disease (NTD) by the World Health Organization because of its significant impact on populations living in poverty throughout tropical regions, the paucity of research, and the opportunity to improve treatment and prevention. In many individuals, the diagnosis is delayed and this is thought to be because of the multitude of clinical mimics and the lack of general awareness. Furthermore, the subcutaneous invasion of this infection creates therapeutic challenges. A small number of studies have identified partially successful treatments and potential pharmacological targets. In this article we present an updated review of this condition to give a contemporary perspective on a neglected disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf201","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,12]],"date-time":"2025-05-12T07:43:33Z","timestamp":1747035813000},"page":"696-705","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Chromoblastomycosis: a contemporary review of a neglected disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7133-5789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Tuckwell","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal Glamorgan Hospital , Llantrisant, Wales ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9330-1475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul D","family":"Yesudian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wrexham Maelor Hospital , Wrexham, Wales ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Chandler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Brighton General Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex , Brighton ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Department of Global Health and Infection, Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B1","first-page":"1","article-title":"What constitutes a neglected tropical disease?","volume":"14","author":"Hotez","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/S0036-46652015000700009","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis: a neglected tropical disease","volume":"57","author":"Queiroz-Telles","year":"2015","journal-title":"Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0009611","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009611","article-title":"The global burden of chromoblastomycosis","volume":"15","author":"Santos","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e367","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30306-7","article-title":"Neglected endemic mycoses","volume":"17","author":"Queiroz-Telles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2022.11.004","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis of the face in solid organ transplant patient","volume":"31","author":"Matthews","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0b013e31829cc6f3","article-title":"Morphological findings of deep cutaneous fungal infections","volume":"36","author":"Fernandez-Flores","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S52","DOI":"10.1097\/INF.0000000000002324","article-title":"Endemic mycoses in children","volume":"38","author":"Yeoh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-013-9648-x","article-title":"Challenges in the therapy of chromoblastomycosis","volume":"175","author":"Queiroz-Telles","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mycopathologia"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1097\/DSS.0000000000003800","article-title":"The role of excision for treatment of chromoblastomycosis: a cutaneous fungal infection frequently mistaken for squamous cell carcinoma","volume":"49","author":"Rolon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dermatol Surg"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0011443","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011443","article-title":"Diagnostic capacities and treatment practices on implantation mycoses: results from the 2022 WHO global online survey","volume":"17","author":"Milani","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00032-16","article-title":"Chromoblastomycosis","volume":"30","author":"Queiroz-Telles","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"2026042410414200500_llaf201-B12","first-page":"498","article-title":"\u00dcber die brasilianische \u2018Figueira\u2019 (Vorl\u00e4ufige Mitteilung). 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