{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,20]],"date-time":"2026-01-20T06:38:57Z","timestamp":1768891137389,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"UK Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15\/EE\/0328"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15\/EE\/0328"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic dermatosis characterized by type-2 inflammatory responses, skin barrier anomalies and microbiome dysregulation. The variety of AD presentations necessitates a better understanding of the underlying disease mechanisms and the modulation of immune markers over a treatment course. Globally, the most used systemic therapies for moderate-to-severe AD are methotrexate (MTX) and ciclosporin (CyA). The TReatment of severe Atopic Eczema in children Trial (TREAT) was a randomized controlled trial (RCT) assessing the efficacy and safety of MTX and CyA. Peripheral blood samples from 18 TREAT participants were analysed in a longitudinal immunological study with a focus on cytokine-expressing CD4+ T cells. The analysis showed that both MTX and CyA were associated with a decreased percentage of interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expressing CD4+ memory T cells, corresponding to improved disease severity. Patients receiving MTX experienced a more sustained decrease in IL-4 expressing T cells, which corresponds to the longer-term improved disease control observed in the MTX arm.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf301","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T18:55:18Z","timestamp":1752087318000},"page":"2249-2254","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Methotrexate and ciclosporin both reduce levels of circulating interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-13 expressing CD4+ memory T cells in childhood atopic dermatitis"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"given":"Anton","family":"Olsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kathryn","family":"Steel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Cooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ashley P","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool , Liverpool ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaitlyn R","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dermatology, St John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graham","family":"Ogg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Research Council Translational Immune Discovery Unit, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9048-2044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alan D","family":"Irvine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Medicine, Trinity College Dublin , Dublin ,","place":["Ireland"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4884-6286","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carsten","family":"Flohr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dermatology, St John\u2019s Institute of Dermatology, Guy\u2019s and St Thomas\u2019 NHS Foundation Trust and King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9337-7194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonie S","family":"Taams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Inflammation Biology and Cancer Immunology, Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King\u2019s College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025102707121700900_llaf301-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)31286-1","article-title":"Atopic 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