{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T17:47:10Z","timestamp":1764092830684,"version":"3.45.0"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]],"date-time":"2025-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Mucocutaneous reactions are among the most frequent and earliest immune-related adverse events (irAEs) secondary to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitor treatment, often resembling autoimmune or immune-mediated disorders. Despite their prevalence, biopsies of irAEs are infrequently performed, resulting in limited data on their histopathological and immunohistochemical findings. We evaluated the histopathological and immunohistochemical features of irAEs in seven patients with cancer treated with pembrolizumab (n = 5) or nivolumab (n = 2). Four patients had lichenoid reactions, while a sarcoid-like reaction, a psoriasis-like reaction and Stevens\u2013Johnson syndrome occurred in one patient each. A predominantly lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate adjacent to the surface epithelium and the presence of apoptotic keratinocytes were the most frequent histopathological characteristics. High immunoreactivity was observed for CD3, CD4 and CD68, and all patients were negative for CD30. Histopathological and immunohistochemical characterization of irAEs may aid in differential diagnosis and management of PD-1 inhibitor-induced reactions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf332","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,25]],"date-time":"2025-07-25T11:43:10Z","timestamp":1753443790000},"page":"2466-2472","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Histopathological and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous and oral immune-related adverse events associated with programmed cell death protein 1 inhibitor therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"50","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4013-7752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuri de Lima","family":"Medeiros","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, S\u00e3o Paulo University , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Heguedusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, S\u00e3o Paulo University , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Osias Vieira de","family":"Oliveira Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fabio Daumas","family":"Nunes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, S\u00e3o Paulo University , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thiago Bueno de","family":"Oliveira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivana Lameiras","family":"Gibbons","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cutaneous Oncology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cl\u00f3vis Antonio Lopes","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomic Pathology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel Simon","family":"Treister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Oral Medicine and Dentistry, Brigham and Women's Hospital , Boston, MA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3372-1536","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabio Abreu","family":"Alves","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Stomatology, S\u00e3o Paulo University , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]},{"name":"Department of Stomatology, A.C. Camargo Cancer Center , S\u00e3o Paulo, SP ,","place":["Brazil"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B1","first-page":"1513","article-title":"Immune-related adverse events with PD-1 versus PD-L1 inhibitors: a meta-analysis of 8730 patients from clinical trials","volume":"19","author":"Sonpavde","year":"2023","journal-title":"Future Oncol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.15056","article-title":"Oral and cutaneous immune-related adverse events in cancer patients: Prevalence and overall survival","volume":"31","author":"Oliveira Filho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17683","article-title":"Cutaneous side effects of PD-1 inhibitors: a single-center retrospective study","volume":"64","author":"Pozsgai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S364243","article-title":"Skin manifestation induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B5","first-page":"20941","article-title":"The histopathological difference between oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid mucositis in neurogenic inflammation","volume":"27","author":"Gu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomed J Sci Tech Res"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6805","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol30070498","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of cutaneous immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"30","author":"Teng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1080\/15569527.2022.2034842","article-title":"Adverse cutaneous toxicities by PD-1\/PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors: pathogenesis, treatment, and surveillance","volume":"41","author":"Bhardwaj","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cutan Ocul Toxicol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14618","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.14618","article-title":"Challenges in sarcoidosis and sarcoid-like reactions associated to immune checkpoint inhibitors: a narrative review apropos of a case","volume":"34","author":"Apalla","year":"2021","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e133","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2015.10.082","article-title":"Nivolumab-induced sarcoid-like granulomatous reaction in a patient with advanced melanoma","volume":"149","author":"Danlos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2871","DOI":"10.3390\/curroncol29040234","article-title":"Cutaneous adverse events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a review article","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Oncol"},{"key":"2025112512420800400_llaf332-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2012.11.005","article-title":"The IL-23\/T17 pathogenic axis in psoriasis is amplified by keratinocyte responses","volume":"34","author":"Lowes","year":"2013","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llaf332\/63855345\/llaf332.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/50\/12\/2466\/63855345\/llaf332.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article-pdf\/50\/12\/2466\/63855345\/llaf332.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]],"date-time":"2025-11-25T17:42:13Z","timestamp":1764092533000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article\/50\/12\/2466\/8213998"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"references-count":11,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ced\/llaf332","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938","1365-2230"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0307-6938"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1365-2230"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,26]]}}}