{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T03:26:53Z","timestamp":1789097213214,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":62,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]],"date-time":"2026-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771286400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH) encompasses a group of dermal pigmentary disorders (lichen planus pigmentosus, erythema dyschromicum perstans and Riehl melanosis\/pigmented cosmetic dermatitis) that present with insidious-onset grey-to-brown macules and patches due to dermal melanin deposition. Traditionally regarded as distinct entities, these disorders share overlapping clinical, dermoscopic and histopathological features, leading to the adoption of ADMH as a unifying term. In this focused review, we discuss the pathogenesis and clinical features of ADMH, as well as diagnostic methods and treatment options for this spectrum of disorders.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llag089","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,14]],"date-time":"2026-02-14T12:43:00Z","timestamp":1771072980000},"page":"1213-1224","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: a unified spectrum of dermal pigmentary dermatoses"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1791-965X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vignesh","family":"Narayan R","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, New Varalakshmi Hospital , Bangalore ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0495-6571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vishal","family":"Thakur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Bathinda ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1165-1103","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anuradha","family":"Bishnoi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["USA"]},{"name":"University of Pittsburgh Medical Center , Pittsburgh, PA ,","place":["USA"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rashmi","family":"Sarkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Lady Hardinge Medical College , New Delhi ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6323-4988","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Keshavamurthy","family":"Vinay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research , Chandigarh ,","place":["India"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15987","article-title":"Psychological disturbances in patients with pigmentary disorders: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Dabas","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1968.01610090034006","article-title":"Erythema dyschromicum perstans","volume":"97","author":"Knox","year":"1968","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(80)80041-7","article-title":"Erythema dyschromicum perstans","volume":"2","author":"Tschen","year":"1980","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16859","article-title":"Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: an overview of the recent updates","volume":"62","author":"Shah","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_881_20","article-title":"Acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: an update","volume":"12","author":"Vinay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13806","article-title":"Lichen planus pigmentosus and its variants: review and update","volume":"57","author":"Robles-M\u00e9ndez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"455","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.13108","article-title":"Unveiling the mystery of Riehl\u2019s melanosis: an update from pathogenesis, diagnosis to treatment","volume":"36","author":"Ding","year":"2023","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_804_2021","article-title":"A Delphi consensus on the nomenclature and diagnosis of lichen planus pigmentosus and related entities","volume":"89","author":"Sarkar","year":"2023","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1097\/DAD.0000000000001515","article-title":"Histopathological features of Riehl melanosis","volume":"42","author":"Kim","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Dermatopathol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2022.01.051","article-title":"Disorders of hyperpigmentation. Part I. Pathogenesis and clinical features of common pigmentary disorders","volume":"88","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-019-01926-9","article-title":"Significant reduction in the expression of interleukins-17A, 22 and 23A, forkhead box p3 and interferon gamma delineates lichen planus pigmentosus from lichen planus","volume":"311","author":"Kumaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.14189","article-title":"A global consensus statement on ashy dermatosis, erythema dyschromicum perstans, lichen planus pigmentosus, idiopathic eruptive macular pigmentation, and Riehl\u2019s melanosis","volume":"58","author":"Kumarasinghe","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15576","article-title":"Contact sensitization to hair colours in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: results from a patch and photo-patch test study of 108 patients","volume":"33","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1475","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.16853","article-title":"Mucocutaneous manifestations of chikungunya fever: an update","volume":"62","author":"Vinay","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.7241\/ourd.20192.4","article-title":"Lichen planus pigmentosus and association with autoimmune diseases: a case\u2013control study","volume":"10","author":"Youssef","year":"2019","journal-title":"Our Dermatol Online"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.4103\/2229-5178.105466","article-title":"Ashy dermatosis in an 8-year-old Indian child","volume":"4","author":"Keisham","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e261","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15969","article-title":"Dermatoscopic features of dermatoses of acquired dermal hyperpigmentation: is there a difference?","volume":"61","author":"Mehta","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llaf159","article-title":"Clinical and dermoscopic characteristics of exogenous ochronosis: results of a multicentre study by the International Dermoscopy Society Dermoscopy in Skin of Color Task Force","volume":"50","author":"Vinay","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13782","article-title":"Dermatoscopic evaluation and histopathological correlation of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation","volume":"56","author":"Vinay","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.15741","article-title":"Dermoscopy of acquired pigmentary disorders: a comprehensive review","volume":"61","author":"Krueger","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e369","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13916","article-title":"The role of in vivo reflectance confocal microscopy in the diagnosis and management of lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"63","author":"Yee","year":"2022","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e799","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.19914","article-title":"Unilateral lichen planus pigmentosus inversus: line-field confocal optical coherence tomography features and histopathological correlation","volume":"38","author":"Lamberti","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"adv00876","DOI":"10.2340\/actadv.v103.5302","article-title":"Near-ultraviolet light dermoscopy for identification of pigmented skin tumours","volume":"103","author":"Minagawa","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.04.039","article-title":"Dermoscopy with subultraviolet light to distinguish the depth of melanocytes","volume":"93","author":"Caposiena Caro","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s13555-024-01104-4","article-title":"Applications of ultraviolet and sub-ultraviolet dermatoscopy in neoplastic and non-neoplastic dermatoses: a systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Pietkiewicz","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther (Heidelb)"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2023.05.089","article-title":"Ultraviolet-induced fluorescent dermoscopy for biopsy site identification prior to dermatologic surgery: a retrospective study","volume":"89","author":"Navarrete-Dechent","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13050985","article-title":"Differentiating Fordyce spots from their common simulators using ultraviolet-induced fluorescence dermatoscopy-retrospective study","volume":"13","author":"Pietkiewicz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.4103\/0378-6323.110798","article-title":"Clinicopathological correlation of acquired hyperpigmentary disorders","volume":"79","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.4103\/idoj.IDOJ_426_18","article-title":"Histological evaluation of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation","volume":"10","author":"Sasidharanpillai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian Dermatol Online J"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B30","first-page":"e22366","article-title":"Positive antinuclear antibody and blaschkoid lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"14","author":"AlBalbeesi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.15516","article-title":"Reliability assessment and validation of the dermal pigmentation area and severity index: a new scoring method for acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation","volume":"33","author":"Kumaran","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B32","first-page":"e59486","article-title":"Triggered skin sensitivity: understanding contact dermatitis","volume":"16","author":"Sheikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.4103\/cdr.cdr_115_23","article-title":"A comprehensive review of treatment outcomes in lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"9","author":"Singh","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Dermatol Rev"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"AB424","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2017.06.138","article-title":"Lichen planus pigmentosus: report of a series of 17 cases including 3 cases of lichen planus pigmentosus inversus in Mexican patients","volume":"76","author":"Garc\u00eda-Hidalgo","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B35","first-page":"351","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus and oral dapsone combination regimen in lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"13","author":"Verma","year":"2015","journal-title":"Skinmed"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B36","first-page":"e33255","article-title":"Unilateral linear lichen planus pigmentosus responding to isotretinoin: a case report","volume":"15","author":"Alghamdi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.2165\/00128071-200001050-00001","article-title":"Management of facial hyperpigmentation","volume":"1","author":"P\u00e9rez-Bernal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4098","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.14975","article-title":"Efficacy of antimalarials in oral lichen planus: a systematic review","volume":"30","author":"Tillero","year":"2024","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e336","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13060","article-title":"A successful combination therapy of tacrolimus, hydroxychloroquine and picosecond laser for lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"60","author":"Wu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/ajd.13567","article-title":"Oral mycophenolate mofetil in the treatment of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: an open-label pilot study","volume":"62","author":"Bishnoi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Australas J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.13293","article-title":"Low-dose oral isotretinoin therapy in lichen planus pigmentosus: an open-label non-randomized prospective pilot study","volume":"55","author":"Muthu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e70052","DOI":"10.1111\/pcmr.70052","article-title":"Treatment of acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation with oral isotretinoin: a multi-institutional retrospective study of 121 cases","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Pigment Cell Melanoma Res"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annder.2020.06.017","article-title":"Oral tranexamic acid in the treatment of lichen planus pigmentosus: a prospective study of 20 cases","volume":"147","author":"Zenjari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijwd.2015.04.001","article-title":"Update on lichen planus and its clinical variants","volume":"1","author":"Weston","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Womens Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.10.012","article-title":"Recalcitrant lichen planus pigmentosus treated with topical ruxolitinib","volume":"42","author":"Cornman","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e8829","DOI":"10.1002\/ccr3.8829","article-title":"Generalized lichen planus pigmentosus and a new management approach","volume":"12","author":"Araghi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Case Rep"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B47","first-page":"299","article-title":"Erythema dyschromicum perstans: successful treatment with clofazimine under a single-patient investigational new drug study","volume":"22","author":"Micciantuono","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cosmetic Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B48","first-page":"44","article-title":"A case of lichen planus pigmentosus with facial dyspigmentation responsive to combination therapy with chemical peels and topical retinoids","volume":"9","author":"Wolff","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B49","first-page":"32","article-title":"Evidence and considerations in the application of chemical peels in skin disorders and aesthetic resurfacing","volume":"3","author":"Rendon","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Clin Aesthet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdcr.2023.01.029","article-title":"Picosecond neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser therapy for pigmentation due to lichen planus pigmentosus in a patient with skin of color","volume":"34","author":"Belzer","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAAD Case Rep"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3985","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14113985","article-title":"Treatment of benign pigmented lesions using lasers: a scoping review","volume":"14","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2116","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13072116","article-title":"Advancements in laser therapies for dermal hyperpigmentation in skin of color: a comprehensive literature review and experience of sequential laser treatments in a cohort of 122 Indian patients","volume":"13","author":"Garg","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13208","DOI":"10.1111\/dth.13208","article-title":"Effect of Q-switched Nd-YAG laser on the clinical, pigmentary, and immunological markers in patients with lichen planus pigmentosus: a pilot study","volume":"33","author":"Bhari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dermatol Ther"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1111\/srt.12885","article-title":"High-frequency (20\u2005MHz) high-intensity focused ultrasound: new ablative method for color-independent tattoo removal in 1-3 sessions. An open-label exploratory study","volume":"26","author":"Serup","year":"2020","journal-title":"Skin Res Technol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.25259\/IJDVL_765_2021","article-title":"Skin camouflage therapy","volume":"88","author":"Sandhu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.det.2024.08.009","article-title":"Innovations in hyperpigmentation","volume":"43","author":"Obeng-Nyarko","year":"2025","journal-title":"Dermatol Clin"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.4103\/ijd.IJD_148_17","article-title":"Clinical, histopathological characteristics and immunohistochemical findings in lichen planus pigmentosus","volume":"62","author":"Bhat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Indian J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B58","first-page":"10","article-title":"Insights into lichen planus pigmentosus inversus using minimally invasive dermal patch and whole transcriptome analysis","author":"Dickman","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Investig Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1007\/s00403-025-03906-8","article-title":"Dickkopf 1 and Neuregulin 1 as cutaneous biomarkers for dermal pigmentation activity in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation (ADMH): a case control study","volume":"317","author":"Gupta","year":"2025","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol Res"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17017","article-title":"Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) gene frequency in acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: a case control study","volume":"63","author":"Vinay","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1590\/abd1806-4841.20175833","article-title":"Frontal fibrosing alopecia and lichen planus pigmentosus: diagnosis and therapeutic challenge","volume":"92","author":"Mulinari-Brenner","year":"2017","journal-title":"An Bras Dermatol"},{"key":"2026062510024048300_llag089-B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llae224","article-title":"Quality of life in patients with acquired dermal macular hyperpigmentation: a systematic review","volume":"49","author":"Jiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Exp Dermatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag089\/66956995\/llag089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag089\/66956995\/llag089.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag089\/66956995\/llag089.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T14:02:55Z","timestamp":1782396175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/article\/51\/7\/1213\/8488436"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"references-count":62,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ced\/llag089","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938","1365-2230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-6938","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,17]]}}}