{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T01:29:35Z","timestamp":1790126975252,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773360000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,24]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and bullous pemphigoid (BP) are rare autoimmune bullous diseases (AIBDs) of unknown aetiology. Genetic and environmental factors have been described as triggers of autoimmunity. The latter include exposure to pesticides and industrial pollutants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the incidence of AIBDs in Liguria, northern Italy, and to assess the association between exposure to pesticides and working in agriculture and AIBDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We conducted a retrospective observational study of the incidence of AIBDs in the Liguria region between 2014 and 2024. We also conducted a retrospective case\u2013control study of patients in the province of Imperia, where the highest incidence of AIBDs was found, using a questionnaire to assess exposure to environmental and occupational risk factors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean annual incidence of AIBDs (PV, 0.026 cases per 1000 inhabitants; BP, 0.102 cases per 1000 inhabitants) in Liguria was higher than the European average. In Imperia, the incidence of BP was significantly higher than the overall Ligurian incidence (P = 0.002). The retrospective case\u2013control study found that exposure to pesticides in domestic settings and having worked in agriculture were associated with a higher risk of developing PV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The present study suggests and supports an association between pesticide exposure and the development of PV.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llag102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,26]],"date-time":"2026-02-26T12:44:18Z","timestamp":1772109858000},"page":"1394-1399","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pesticide exposure as a risk factor for pemphigus vulgaris: findings from a case\u2013control study conducted in Liguria, Italy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"given":"Giulia","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Donatella","family":"Panatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alice","family":"Brioni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irene","family":"Schiavetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Statistics, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Dessanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Unit, Local Health Center 5th District (ASL5) , La Spezia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elena","family":"De Col","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Unit, Local Health Center 1st District (ASL1) , Imperia ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Parodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elvira","family":"Massaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giancarlo","family":"Icardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Public Health, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emanuele","family":"Cozzani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Dermatology, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genoa , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Dermatology Unit, IRCCS San Martino Hospital , Genoa ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026072409171049000_llag102-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1111\/bjd.20743","article-title":"The global incidence of bullous pemphigoid: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"186","author":"Persson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026072409171049000_llag102-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.16752","article-title":"Updated S2\u2005K guidelines on the management of pemphigus vulgaris and foliaceus initiated by the european academy of dermatology and venereology (EADV)","volume":"34","author":"Joly","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026072409171049000_llag102-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10101432","article-title":"Bullous pemphigoid: trigger and predisposing factors","volume":"10","author":"Moro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"key":"2026072409171049000_llag102-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-4362.2001.01266.x","article-title":"Pemphigus vulgaris: environmental factors. 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