{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T12:35:38Z","timestamp":1793104538449,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":1,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100021071","name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100021071","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NHMRC Investigator","award":["2023\/GNT2025294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/GNT2025294"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020062","name":"NHMRC Centre for Research Excellence","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2021\/GNT2006545"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2021\/GNT2006545"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020062","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015539","name":"Australian Government","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023\/GNT2025294"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023\/GNT2025294"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015539","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carbon emissions of the healthcare sector are large and there is a growing body of literature dedicated to estimating the carbon footprint of healthcare activities. The carbon footprint of dermatology services is of particular interest in Australia due to the high burden of melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer and the geographically dispersed population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To estimate the carbon emissions of appointments for dermoscopy-guided full-skin examination, total-body photography and the excision of a lesion suspicious for melanoma or other skin cancers for patients attending specialist dermatology clinics in Sydney, Australia.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The carbon footprint of each appointment type was estimated in kilograms CO2 equivalent (kg CO2-e) using process-based life cycle assessment. We included patient transport, single-use equipment, reusable equipment requiring treatment, and energy. Each appointment type was investigated as a mutually exclusive event.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Total carbon emissions were 11.1\u2005kg CO2-e [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.93\u201355.5] for full-skin examination, 10.8\u2005kg CO2-e (95% CI 1.60\u201354.5) for total-body photography and 12.2\u2005kg CO2-e (95% CI 2.92\u201361.6) for the excision of a lesion suspicious for melanoma. Patient transport was responsible for 10.7\u2005kg CO2-e for each appointment type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Carbon emissions associated with dermoscopy-guided full-skin examination, total-body photography and the excision of a lesion suspicious for melanoma or other skin cancers were similar and largely driven by patient transport. Efforts to reduce emissions related to skin cancer care should focus on reducing the need for patients to attend the clinic, where it is clinically safe to do so.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llag229","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,29]],"date-time":"2026-05-29T11:44:40Z","timestamp":1780055080000},"page":"2043-2050","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The carbon footprint of surgical and nonsurgical skin cancer appointments"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8394-2682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jake T W","family":"Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The University of Sydney School of Public Health , Camperdown, NSW ,","place":["Australia"]},{"name":"Heat and Health Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney , Camperdown, NSW 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