{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T11:17:47Z","timestamp":1788434267029,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":11,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785715200000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Oral finasteride is a cornerstone in the treatment of male androgenetic alopecia (AGA), yet concerns regarding systemic adverse events often limit patient adherence. Topical finasteride 0.25% has emerged as a promising alternative to minimize systemic exposure while maintaining local efficacy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of topical finasteride 0.25% as monotherapy in male patients with AGA over 52 weeks in a real-world setting.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective observational study was conducted at the dermatology unit of the University of Turin. Medical records of male patients treated with topical finasteride 0.25% monotherapy between April 2022 and November 2025 were reviewed. In total, 123 adult men with AGA were included. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 52 weeks using standardized clinical photography and videodermoscopy (VIDIX system), with paired intrapatient comparisons. Efficacy was assessed via trichoscopic changes in total hair number (THN). Secondary outcomes included hair shaft thickness (HST), terminal-to-vellus hair ratio, Physician Global Assessment, patient-reported outcomes and safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In total, 123 male patients (mean age 32.4\u2005years, SD 8.1) were included. At 52 weeks, significant increases in THN were observed in both the vertex (+21.8 hairs cm\u22122; P &amp;lt; 0.001) and temporal regions (+29.4 hairs cm\u22122; P &amp;lt; 0.001). Significant improvements were also noted in HST and the terminal-to-vellus ratio. The treatment was well tolerated; 7.3% of patients reported mild, transient local irritation. No systemic adverse events related to sexual function or mood were reported.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Topical finasteride 0.25% monotherapy demonstrated sustained clinical efficacy and a favourable safety profile after 1\u2005year of treatment. These findings support its use as a viable therapeutic option for male AGA, particularly for patients reluctant to undergo systemic therapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/ced\/llag333","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T12:04:41Z","timestamp":1785585881000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Long-term effectiveness and safety of topical finasteride 0.25% monotherapy in male androgenetic alopecia: a 52-week real-world retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1093","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8390-4467","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giuseppe","family":"Gallo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna , Bologna ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luca","family":"Mastorino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pietro","family":"Quaglino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Ribero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dermatology Section, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin , Turin ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7349","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S542000","article-title":"Androgenetic alopecia: an update on pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2025","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.1016\/S0531-5565(02)00093-1","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms of androgenetic alopecia","volume":"37","author":"Tr\u00fceb","year":"2002","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.14624","article-title":"Evidence-based (S3) guideline for the treatment of androgenetic alopecia in women and in men \u2013 short version","volume":"32","author":"Kanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2025.03.068","article-title":"No increased risk of mood disorders in male androgenetic alopecia patients treated with dutasteride and finasteride: a retrospective cohort database study","volume":"93","author":"Neubauer","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Am Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1841","DOI":"10.1111\/jocd.14895","article-title":"Topical finasteride for male and female pattern hair loss: is it a safe and effective alternative?","volume":"21","author":"Gupta","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Cosmet Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/s40257-022-00730-y","article-title":"What\u2019s new in therapy for male androgenetic alopecia?","volume":"24","author":"Saceda-Corralo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Am J Clin Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.17738","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of topical finasteride spray solution for male androgenetic alopecia: a phase III, randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"36","author":"Piraccini","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/ijd.17957","article-title":"Is the safety of finasteride correlated with its route of administration: topical versus oral? A pharmacovigilance study with data from the United States Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System","volume":"65","author":"Gupta","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int J Dermatol"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.2147\/CIA.S310178","article-title":"Scalp biophysical characteristics in males with androgenetic alopecia: a comparative study with healthy controls","volume":"16","author":"Chanprapaph","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Interv Aging"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1093\/asj\/sjv079","article-title":"A comprehensive examination of topographic thickness of skin in the human face","volume":"35","author":"Chopra","year":"2015","journal-title":"Aesthet Surg J"},{"key":"2026090306415803900_llag333-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1159\/000548130","article-title":"Topical tacrolimus, clobetasol, and minoxidil for primary cicatricial alopecias: a retrospective analysis of clinical outcomes and safety","volume":"12","author":"Brinks","year":"2026","journal-title":"Skin Appendage Disord"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Dermatology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag333\/70473203\/llag333.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag333\/70473203\/llag333.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T10:42:04Z","timestamp":1788432124000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/ced\/advance-article\/doi\/10.1093\/ced\/llag333\/8750483"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"references-count":11,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ced\/llag333","relation":{},"ISSN":["0307-6938","1365-2230"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0307-6938","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2230","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]]},"article-number":"llag333"}}