{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T23:01:14Z","timestamp":1777935674737,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]],"date-time":"2021-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640649600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003748","name":"Swedish Society for Medical Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003748","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002794","name":"Swedish Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002794","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ inflammatory disease with kidney inflammation, lupus nephritis (LN), being one of the most severe manifestations. Immune complex deposits, particularly in glomeruli, and T cells, B cells, and myeloid cells, mainly with extraglomerular localization, contribute to the inflammatory process. Natural killer (NK) cells have been suggested to play a role in autoimmune diseases, but have not been investigated in detail in renal lupus before. In this exploratory study, we performed the first characterization of NK cell number and distribution in LN kidney biopsies. Twelve SLE patients were analyzed in the active phase of disease and five patients following immunosuppressive therapy. CD56+ cells, corresponding to NK cells or NK-like T-cells, were identified in all patients; however, with reduced numbers in four out of five patients at follow-up. Furthermore, cells were present in the kidney interstitium and peri-glomerular areas, but only rarely in glomeruli. Fluorescent co-staining of CD56 or NKp46 and CD3 revealed the presence of both CD56+\/NKp46+CD3-NK cells and CD56+\/NKp46+CD3+NK-like T-cells. Compared to healthy kidney sections, one out of four LN patients showed increased numbers of NK cells. A correlation between CD56+ and NK cells with clinical parameters could not be observed, perhaps due to the small patient cohort. In conclusion, we have identified NK cells and NK-like T-cells in the LN kidney and performed the first detailed analysis of their localization during active and inactive diseases. Their role in LN pathogenesis is, however, unclear and deserves further studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxab035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,12]],"date-time":"2022-01-12T18:53:14Z","timestamp":1642013594000},"page":"199-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Kidney infiltrating NK cells and NK-like T-cells in lupus nephritis: presence, localization, and the effect of immunosuppressive treatment"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"207","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Scheffschick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sina","family":"Fuchs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivianne","family":"Malmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2810-4189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Brauner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Dermato-Venereology Clinic, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022040512181931500_CIT0001","first-page":"330","article-title":"Manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.","volume":"6","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2011","journal-title":"Maedica (Bucur)"},{"key":"2022040512181931500_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2019.10.017","article-title":"Update on Lupus Nephritis: Core Curriculum 2020.","volume":"76","author":"Parikh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Kidney Dis"},{"key":"2022040512181931500_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203320932219","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus, lupus nephritis and end-stage renal disease: a pragmatic review mapping disease severity and 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