{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T05:16:37Z","timestamp":1787807797981,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>In March 2020, the United Kingdom Primary Immunodeficiency Network (UKPIN) established a registry of cases to collate the outcomes of individuals with PID and SID following SARS-CoV-2 infection and treatment. A total of 310 cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with PID or SID have now been reported in the UK. The overall mortality within the cohort was 17.7% (n = 55\/310). Individuals with CVID demonstrated an infection fatality rate (IFR) of 18.3% (n = 17\/93), individuals with PID receiving IgRT had an IFR of 16.3% (n = 26\/159) and individuals with SID, an IFR of 27.2% (n = 25\/92). Individuals with PID and SID had higher inpatient mortality and died at a younger age than the general population. Increasing age, low pre-SARS-CoV-2 infection lymphocyte count and the presence of common co-morbidities increased the risk of mortality in PID. Access to specific COVID-19 treatments in this cohort was limited: only 22.9% (n = 33\/144) of patients admitted to the hospital received dexamethasone, remdesivir, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based therapeutic (e.g. REGN-COV2 or convalescent plasma) or tocilizumab as a monotherapy or in combination. Dexamethasone, remdesivir, and anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody-based therapeutics appeared efficacious in PID and SID. Compared to the general population, individuals with PID or SID are at high risk of mortality following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increasing age, low baseline lymphocyte count, and the presence of co-morbidities are additional risk factors for poor outcome in this cohort.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]],"date-time":"2022-01-30T19:11:57Z","timestamp":1643569917000},"page":"247-258","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Outcomes following SARS-CoV-2 infection in patients with primary and secondary immunodeficiency in the UK"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"209","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5345-2156","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian M","family":"Shields","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Immunology Service, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ariharan","family":"Anantharachagan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust 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