{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T18:24:51Z","timestamp":1790187891814,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1670803200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Immunological memory protects the human body from re-infection with an earlier recognized pathogen. This memory comprises the durable serum antibody titres provided by long-lived plasma cells and the memory T and B cells with help from other cells. Memory B cells are the main precursor cells for new plasma cells during a secondary infection. Their formation starts very early in life, and they continue to form and undergo refinements throughout our lifetime. While the heterogeneity of the human memory B-cell pool is still poorly understood, specific cellular surface markers define most of the cell subpopulations. CD27 is one of the most commonly used markers to define human memory B cells. In addition, there are molecular markers, such as somatic mutations in the immunoglobulin heavy and light chains and isotype switching to, for example, IgG. Although not every memory B cell undergoes somatic hypermutation or isotype switching, most of them express these molecular traits in adulthood. In this review, I will focus on the most recent knowledge regarding CD27+ human memory B cells in health and disease, and describe how Ig sequencing can be used as a tool to decipher the evolutionary pathways of these cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxac114","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]],"date-time":"2022-12-12T12:59:37Z","timestamp":1670849977000},"page":"164-172","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":55,"title":["CD27 on human memory B cells\u2013more than just a surface marker"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"213","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2064-2556","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ola","family":"Grimsholm","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna , AT-1090 Vienna , Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2103","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20062571","article-title":"New markers for murine memory B cells that define mutated and unmutated subsets","volume":"204","author":"Anderson","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7077","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms8077","article-title":"Absence of surrogate light chain results in spontaneous autoreactive germinal centres expanding VH81X-expressing B cells","volume":"6","author":"Grimsholm","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1038\/ni.2914","article-title":"CD80 and PD-L2 define functionally distinct memory B cell subsets that are independent of antibody isotype","volume":"15","author":"Zuccarino-Catania","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-01078-x","article-title":"Surface phenotypes of naive and memory B cells in mouse and human tissues","volume":"23","author":"Weisel","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.9.1679","article-title":"Human immunoglobulin (Ig)M+IgD+ peripheral blood B cells expressing the CD27 cell surface antigen carry somatically mutated variable region genes: CD27 as a general marker for somatically mutated (memory) B cells","volume":"188","author":"Klein","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1691","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.188.9.1691","article-title":"Identification of functional human splenic memory B cells by expression of CD148 and CD27","volume":"188","author":"Tangye","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7432","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7432","article-title":"CD27 is acquired by primed B cells at the centroblast stage and promotes germinal center formation","volume":"172","author":"Xiao","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2023072415482251000_CIT0008","first-page":"450","article-title":"Panum\u2019s studies on \u201cputrid poison\u201d 1856. 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