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The interferon-gamma release assay QuantiFERON platform was developed to detect T-cell responses to SARS-CoV-2 from whole blood with relatively basic equipment and flexibility of processing timelines. Forty-eight participants with different infection and vaccination backgrounds were recruited. Whole blood samples were analysed using the QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay in parallel with the well-established \u2018Protective Immunity from T Cells in Healthcare workers\u2019 (PITCH) ELISpot, which can evaluate spike-specific T-cell responses. The primary aims of this cross-sectional observational cohort study were to establish if the QuantiFERON SARS-Co-V-2 assay could discern differences between specified groups and to assess the sensitivity of the assay compared with the PITCH ELISpot. The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 distinguished acutely infected individuals (12\u201321 days post positive PCR) from na\u00efve individuals (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001) with 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS-CoV-2 T cells, whilst the PITCH ELISpot had reduced sensitivity (62.5%) for the acute infection group. Sensitivity with QuantiFERON for previous infection was 12.5% (172\u2013444 days post positive test) and was inferior to the PITCH ELISpot (75%). Although the QuantiFERON assay could discern differences between unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals (55\u2013166 days since second vaccination), the latter also had reduced sensitivity (44.4%) compared to the PITCH ELISpot (66.6%). The QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay showed potential as a T- cell evaluation tool soon after SARS-CoV-2 infection but has lower sensitivity for use in reliable evaluation of vaccination or more distant infection.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxad027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,21]],"date-time":"2023-02-21T14:26:31Z","timestamp":1676989591000},"page":"249-261","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Evaluation of QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 interferon-\u03b3 release assay following SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"212","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4100-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00edle A","family":"Johnson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"University of Oxford Medical School, University of Oxford , Oxford , 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T","family":"Skelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Jeffery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher P","family":"Conlon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oxford Centre For Global Health Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK"},{"name":"Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Oxford , 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