{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T08:41:45Z","timestamp":1780735305772,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718928000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Smooth muscle antibodies (SMA) with anti-microfilament actin (MF-SMA) specificity are regarded as highly specific markers of type 1 autoimmune hepatitis (AIH-1) but their recognition relying on immunofluorescence of vessel, glomeruli, and tubules (SMA-VGT pattern) in rodent kidney tissue, is restricted by operator-dependent interpretation. A gold standard method for their identification is not available. We assessed and compared the diagnostic accuracy for AIH-1 of an embryonal aorta vascular smooth muscle (VSM) cell line-based assay with those of the rodent tissue-based assay for the detection of MF-SMA pattern in AIH-1 patients and controls. Sera from 138 AIH-1 patients and 295 controls (105 primary biliary cholangitis, 40 primary sclerosing cholangitis, 50 chronic viral hepatitis, 20 alcohol-related liver disease, 40 steatotic liver disease, and 40 healthy controls) were assayed for MF-SMA and SMA-VGT using VSM-based and rodent tissue-based assays, respectively. MF-SMA and SMA-VGT were found in 96 (70%) and 87 (63%) AIH-1 patients, and 2 controls (P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.0001). Compared with SMA-VGT, MF-SMA showed similar specificity (99%), higher sensitivity (70% vs 63%, P\u2005=\u2005ns) and likelihood ratio for a positive test (70 vs 65). Nine (7%) AIH-1 patients were MF-SMA positive despite being SMA-VGT negative. Overall agreement between SMA-VGT and MF-SMA was 87% (kappa coefficient 0.870, [0.789\u20130.952]). MF-SMA were associated with higher serum \u03b3-globulin [26 (12\u201355) vs 20 g\/l (13\u201334), P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.005] and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels [3155 (1296\u20137344) vs 2050 mg\/dl (1377\u20133357), P\u2005&amp;lt;\u20050.002]. The easily recognizable IFL MF-SMA pattern on VSM cells strongly correlated with SMA-VGT and has an equally high specificity for AIH-1. Confirmation of these results in other laboratories would support the clinical application of the VSM cell-based assay for reliable detection of AIH-specific SMA.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxae051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]],"date-time":"2024-06-21T03:39:16Z","timestamp":1718941156000},"page":"233-239","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Easy recognition and high autoimmune hepatitis specificity of smooth muscle antibodies giving an actin microfilament immunofluorescent pattern on embryonal vascular smooth muscle cells"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"217","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0637-739X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Granito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Division of Internal Medicine, Morgagni-Pierantoni Hospital , Forl\u00ec , Italy"},{"name":"Department of Science for the Quality of Life, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgios","family":"Pappas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Unit of Semeiotics, Liver and Alcohol-Related Diseases, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Lenzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Albert J","family":"Czaja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science , Rochester, MN , USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luigi","family":"Muratori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER) , Bologna , Italy"},{"name":"Center for the Study and Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System, University of Bologna , Bologna , Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"2024080909362025300_CIT0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e070201","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-070201","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of autoimmune hepatitis","volume":"380","author":"Muratori","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"2024080909362025300_CIT0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-820239-5.00012-7","article-title":"The evolving potential of precision medicine in the management of autoimmune liver disease","volume-title":"Precision Medicine and Artificial Intelligence","author":"Norman","year":"2021"},{"key":"2024080909362025300_CIT0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1023\/B:DDAS.0000004522.36120.08","article-title":"Non-organ-specific autoantibodies in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: prevalence and 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