{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T07:25:24Z","timestamp":1785569124043,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":61,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,7]],"date-time":"2025-02-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":37,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013209","name":"Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013209","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Hellenic Society of Rheumatology & Professional Association of Rheumatologists","award":["1064"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1064"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To investigate whether T-bet+ B cells, as well as age-associated B cells\/ABCs (CD19\u2005+\u2005CD21-CD11c\u2005+\u2005T-bet+) and double-negative B cells\/DN (CD19\u2005+\u2005IgD-CD27- CXCR5-T-bet+), serve as prognostic and\/or therapeutic tools for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in humans.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Flow cytometry was used for enumerating T-bet+ B cells and ABCs\/DN subsets, found in the peripheral blood of 10 healthy donors and 22 active SLE patients. Whole blood assay cultures, combined with in vitro pharmacological treatments, were performed to evaluate the effects of hydroxychloroquine, anifrolumab, and fasudil (a ROCK kinase inhibitor) on T-bet+ B cells\u2019 percentage. Moreover, previously published single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used in a meta-analysis to allow characterization of genes and pathways associated with the biology of T-bet in B cells.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T-bet+ B cells displayed an expansion in SLE patients [1.47 (1.9\u20130.7) vs 10.85 (37.4\u20133.6)]. Similarly, both ABCs and DN were found to be expanded. Interestingly, percentages of T-bet+ B cells positively correlated with patients\u2019 SLEDAI scores (rs\u2005=\u20050.55, P\u2005=\u20050.007). Cell culture experiments conducted revealed that all three agents tested can deplete T-bet\u2005+\u2005B cells (without affecting the cell viability of lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells). According to bioinformatics analyses, T-bet is highly expressed in two B-cell clusters with pathogenic characteristics for SLE (designated as atypical memory B cells and activated na\u00efve B cells). These clusters can be targeted for therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>T-bet+ B cells can serve as a putative prognostic biomarker of lupus severity. Circumstantial data suggest that these cells may promote disease pathogenesis and may represent a novel therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>\n               <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxaf008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T20:23:49Z","timestamp":1738700629000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Characterization of T-bet expressing B cells in lupus patients indicates a putative prognostic and therapeutic value of these cells for the disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3309-6032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Athanasios","family":"Sachinidis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"4th Department of Internal Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki , Thessaloniki 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Technology Hellas, Thermi , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasileios","family":"Vasileiou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sofoklis","family":"Keisaris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Applied Biosciences, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Thermi , Thessaloniki ,","place":["Greece"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Panayotis","family":"Verginis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Immune Regulation and Tolerance, Division of Basic Sciences, Medical School, University of Crete , Heraklion 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