{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:24:43Z","timestamp":1787509483929,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,7]],"date-time":"2025-05-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1746576000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":126,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital"},{"name":"Children\u2019s Charity","award":["VC1221"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["VC1221"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic a rare new paediatric inflammatory condition (paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 (PIMS-TS)\/MIS-C) was identified which correlated with previous or recent SARS-CoV-2 infection. PIMS-TS led to severe multiorgan inflammation, suggestive of disruption of central tolerance and thymus function. Here we investigated the possible role of the thymus in paediatric PIMS-TS. We confirmed that human thymus explants can be infected with SARS-CoV-2 in vitro. Comparison of T-cell populations in blood from PIMS-TS patients and age-matched healthy control children showed that although the overall proportions of CD4 and CD8 T-cell populations were decreased in PIMS-TS patients, the proportion of na\u00efve cells in the CD4 population was higher in the PIMS-TS group. In PIMS-TS patients, the number of TREC in Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) correlated strongly with the proportion of na\u00efve CD4 and CD8 T cells, whereas this correlation was not present in healthy children. Sequencing rearranged TCR\u03b2 and TCR\u0251 transcripts from FACS-sorted CD4+CD8-CD3+ and CD4-CD8+CD3+ from blood from PIMS-TS, healthy children, and additionally paediatric severe COVID-19 patients showed that while all three groups showed similar diversity and distribution, the repertoire of the PIMS-TS and COVID-19 groups had distinctive patterns of TCR gene segment usage and VJ combinatorial usage compared to healthy controls (TRBV11-2 \u00d7 TRBJ2-7, TRBV11-2 \u00d7 TRBJ1-1, TRBV11-2 \u00d7 TRBJ2-5, TRBV11-2 \u00d7 TRBJ2-1; TRBV29-1 \u00d7 TRBJ2-7, TRBV29-1 \u00d7 TRBJ1-1 enriched in PIMS-TS; TRBV7-9 \u00d7 TRBJ1-2, TRAV9-2 \u00d7 TRAJ30, and TRAV26-1 \u00d7 TRAJ39 enriched in COVID-19). The non-productive TCR rearrangements in the PIMS-TS group were also enriched for TRBV11-2, and showed bias towards distal (5\u2032TRAV to 3\u2032TRAJ) TCR\u0251 gene segment usage, suggesting involvement of the thymus in PIMS-TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxaf027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,27]],"date-time":"2025-04-27T07:58:38Z","timestamp":1745740718000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Distinctive T-cell receptor repertoire in paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with coronavirus disease 2019\/multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children patients: possible thymus involvement"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"219","author":[{"given":"Diana C","family":"Yanez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7040-8528","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jasmine","family":"Rowell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maximillian","family":"Woodall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stuart","family":"Adams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital , London 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UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Benkenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Plant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire M","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benny","family":"Chain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark J","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London ,","place":["UK"]},{"name":"Great Ormond Street Hospital , London ,","place":["UK"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8973-4021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tessa","family":"Crompton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infection, Immunity and Inflammation Research & Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London 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