{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T21:08:00Z","timestamp":1773090480120,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]],"date-time":"2025-10-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":280,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013170","name":"Ono Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAI2023-0958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI2023-0958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013170","name":"Ono Pharmaceutical","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FAI2022-0901"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FAI2022-0901"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013170","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R1025817"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R1025817"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007949","name":"Reumatikerf\u00f6rbundet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R995666"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R995666"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007949","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Region Stockholm Kliniska Post-doktorer","award":["FoUI-989648"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FoUI-989648"]}]},{"name":"Doctor Margareta Nilsson"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Dysregulation of interleukin (IL) 16 has been implicated in SLE, yet its cellular source and role in disease pathogenesis remain unclear. We analysed circulating IL16+ immune cells from 40 SLE patients, including 32 with active disease (SLEDAI-2K \u2265 4) using spectral flow cytometry. Plasma (pIL16) and urine IL16 (uIL16) levels were measured, and correlations with clinical variables were assessed. IL16 effects on T cell migration were studied in vitro. Active SLE patients showed broadly reduced proportions of cells expressing IL16, including CD4+T, CD8+T, B, and NK cells. This reduction was prominent in several cell subsets including Th1-like cells and plasmablasts. Further sub-analyses of lupus nephritis (LN) versus non-LN, demonstrated significantly reduced IL16 expression e.g., in Th1-like and double negative B cell subsets in LN. In parallel, SLE patients displayed increased pIL16 levels, and LN patients showed increased uIL16 which associated positively with disease activity SLEDAI-2K index and negatively with complement C4 levels and IL16+CD4+T-cell counts. In vitro, IL16 induced CXCR4 and CCR5 mediated migration of Th1-cells and attracted CD8+T cells via CXCR4, which was partially inhibited by IL16 blockade. We demonstrate reduced intracellular IL16 expression in SLE lymphocytes, with low IL16+CD4+T cell proportions in LN correlating with increased uIL16. Extracellular IL16 may drive Th1 and CD8+T cell infiltration, contributing to organ inflammation. IL16 blockade reduced T cell migration, highlighting its potential as therapeutic target.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxaf068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,7]],"date-time":"2025-10-07T11:43:25Z","timestamp":1759837405000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Interleukin 16 in lupus nephritis\u2014a role for Th1 and CD8+ T cell migration"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"219","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6642-076X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kittikorn","family":"Wangriatisak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Faustini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Medicine Unit Dermatology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Section of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masa","family":"Filipovic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heidi","family":"W\u00e4h\u00e4maa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vivianne","family":"Malmstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iva","family":"Gunnarsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Medicine Unit Dermatology, Gastroenterology, Rheumatology, Section of Rheumatology, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vilija","family":"Oke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital , Stockholm ,","place":["Sweden"]},{"name":"Centre for Rheumatology, Academic Specialist Centre , Stockholm Region ,","place":["Sweden"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16039","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2016.39","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"2","author":"Kaul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1038\/s41584-021-00668-1","article-title":"Global epidemiology of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"17(9)","author":"Barber","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1002\/acr2.11343","article-title":"Four systemic lupus erythematosus subgroups, defined by autoantibodies status, differ regarding HLA-DRB1 genotype associations and immunological and clinical manifestations","volume":"4(1)","author":"Diaz-Gallo","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACR Open Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2016.186","article-title":"New insights into the immunopathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"12(12)","author":"Tsokos","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2015.00550","article-title":"Pathogenic inflammation and its therapeutic targeting in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"6","author":"Gottschalk","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/imr.12815","article-title":"Autoreactive B cells in SLE, villains or innocent bystanders?","volume":"292(1)","author":"Hamilton","year":"2019","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-025-02168-0","article-title":"Systemic lupus erythematosus: updated insights on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutics","volume":"10(1)","author":"Dai","year":"2025","journal-title":"Signal Transduct Target Ther"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1186\/ar3349","article-title":"Cytokine disturbances in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"13(4)","author":"Jacob","year":"2011","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2569","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.128.6.2569","article-title":"Modulation of lymphocyte migration by human lymphokines. II. Purification of a lymphotactic factor (LCF)","volume":"128(6)","author":"Cruikshank","year":"1982","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.156.1.310","article-title":"Secretion of IL-16 (lymphocyte chemoattractant factor) from serotonin-stimulated CD8+ T cells in vitro","volume":"156(1)","author":"Laberge","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B11","first-page":"167","article-title":"The lymphocyte chemoattractant factor","volume":"125(2)","author":"Center","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Lab Clin Med"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2000.108112","article-title":"Increased expression of IL-16 immunoreactivity in bronchial mucosa after segmental allergen challenge in patients with asthma","volume":"106(2)","author":"Laberge","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524026","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1524026","article-title":"Role of interleukin-16 in human diseases: a novel potential therapeutic target","volume":"16","author":"Niewold","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000744","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2022-000744","article-title":"Interleukin (IL) 16: a candidate urinary biomarker for proliferative lupus nephritis","volume":"9(1)","author":"H\u00e4yry","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1191\/0961203302lu176sr","article-title":"Elevated IL-16 levels in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus are associated with disease severity but not with genetic susceptibility to lupus","volume":"11(3)","author":"Lard","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42023","article-title":"Urine proteomics and renal single-cell transcriptomics implicate interleukin-16 in lupus nephritis","volume":"74(5)","author":"Fava","year":"2022","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/s13075-021-02511-0","article-title":"Proteome study of cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) and dermatomyositis skin lesions reveals IL-16 is differentially upregulated in CLE","volume":"23(1)","author":"Niewold","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arthritis Res Ther"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2474","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.5.2474","article-title":"B lymphocyte-derived IL-16 attracts dendritic cells and Th cells","volume":"165(5)","author":"Kaser","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.162.3.1287","article-title":"Processing and release of IL-16 from CD4+ but not CD8+ T cells is activation dependent","volume":"162(3)","author":"Wu","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7721","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.172.12.7721","article-title":"IL-16 is constitutively present in peripheral blood monocytes and spontaneously released during apoptosis","volume":"172(12)","author":"Elssner","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3232","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.163.6.3232","article-title":"A role for IL-16 in the cross-talk between dendritic cells and T cells","volume":"163(6)","author":"Kaser","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.2.1144","article-title":"Processing and activation of pro-interleukin-16 by caspase-3","volume":"273(2)","author":"Zhang","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4965","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.10.4965","article-title":"Cutting edge: IL-16\/CD4 preferentially induces Th1 cell migration: requirement of CCR5","volume":"171(10)","author":"Lynch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2337","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.4.2337","article-title":"Chemokine receptor CXCR3 desensitization by IL-16\/CD4 signaling is dependent on CCR5 and intact membrane cholesterol","volume":"176(4)","author":"Rahangdale","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6356","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.165.11.6356","article-title":"Desensitization of CXC chemokine receptor 4, mediated by IL-16\/CD4, is independent of p56lck enzymatic activity","volume":"165(11)","author":"Van Drenth","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.v99.1.207","article-title":"Activation of CD8 T cells induces expression of CD4, which functions as a chemotactic receptor","volume":"99(1)","author":"Kitchen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2677","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34473","article-title":"Derivation and validation of the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics classification criteria for systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"64(8)","author":"Petri","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1271","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780251101","article-title":"The 1982 revised criteria for the classification of systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"25(11)","author":"Tan","year":"1982","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2013-0741","article-title":"The revised Lund-Malm\u00f6 GFR estimating equation outperforms MDRD and CKD-EPI across GFR, age and BMI intervals in a large Swedish population","volume":"52(6)","author":"Nyman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0398-x","article-title":"The immune cell landscape in kidneys of patients with lupus nephritis","volume":"20(7)","author":"Arazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13427","DOI":"10.1111\/sji.13427","article-title":"Association between peripheral activated na\u00efve and double negative 2 B-cell subsets and clinical parameters in lupus nephritis patients","volume":"101(1)","author":"Wangriatisak","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2018.08.015","article-title":"Distinct effector B cells induced by unregulated toll-like receptor 7 contribute to pathogenic responses in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"49(4)","author":"Jenks","year":"2018","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000260","DOI":"10.1136\/lupus-2018-000260","article-title":"TNF-\u03b1 and plasma albumin as biomarkers of disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"5(1)","author":"Idborg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lupus Sci Med"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2362","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22654","article-title":"Predominance of CD8+ T lymphocytes among periglomerular infiltrating cells and link to the prognosis of class III and class IV lupus nephritis","volume":"56(7)","author":"Couzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556776","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.556776","article-title":"CD107a+(LAMP-1) cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells in lupus nephritis patients","volume":"8","author":"Wiechmann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1136\/ard-2024-225876","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomics reveal potent extrafollicular B cell response linked with granzyme K+ CD8 T cell activation in lupus kidney","volume":"84(3)","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI97879","article-title":"Bowman's capsule provides a protective niche for podocytes from cytotoxic CD8+ T cells","volume":"128(8)","author":"Chen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1305590","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2023.1305590","article-title":"Th1-related transcription factors and cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"14","author":"Tang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/cei.13050","article-title":"CD4+ T helper cells and regulatory T cells in active lupus nephritis: an imbalance towards a predominant Th1 response?","volume":"191(1)","author":"Mesquita","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Exp Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2020.05.051","article-title":"Nuclear antigen-reactive CD4+ T cells expand in active systemic lupus erythematosus, produce effector cytokines, and invade the kidneys","volume":"99(1)","author":"Abdirama","year":"2021","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520570","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1520570","article-title":"Immune imbalance in lupus nephritis: the intersection of T-cell and ferroptosis","volume":"15","author":"Fan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15370","DOI":"10.1111\/1756-185X.15370","article-title":"CCR5 mediates rheumatoid arthritis progression by promoting the activation and proliferation of non-classical Th1 cells","volume":"27(11)","author":"Miao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2017.09.001","article-title":"Disease trends over time and CD4+CCR5+ T-cells expansion predict carotid atherosclerosis development in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"28(1)","author":"Baragetti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s12865-015-0070-7","article-title":"IL-17 and IL-23 in lupus nephritis\u2014association to histopathology and response to treatment","volume":"16(1)","author":"Zickert","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Immunol"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2009.124636","article-title":"Urinary T cells in active lupus nephritis show an effector memory phenotype","volume":"69(11)","author":"Dolff","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Rheum Dis"},{"key":"2026030907323522600_uxaf068-B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/art.42776","article-title":"Different immunologic profiles are associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in longitudinally observed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus","volume":"76(5)","author":"Manion","year":"2024","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf068\/64551323\/uxaf068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/219\/1\/uxaf068\/64551323\/uxaf068.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/219\/1\/uxaf068\/64551323\/uxaf068.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T11:32:46Z","timestamp":1773055966000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf068\/8277824"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025]]},"article-number":"uxaf068"}}