{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T11:01:05Z","timestamp":1776423665952,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766016000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007175","name":"CNRS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007175","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001665","name":"French National Agency for Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["n\u00b0ANR-10-EQPX1401"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["n\u00b0ANR-10-EQPX1401"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"in vivo irradiation facilities"},{"name":"Florian Yger in the laboratory GREYC of ENSICAEN"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Radiation-induced lymphopenia following brain irradiation may influence tumor response to cancer treatment. Interactions between the immune system, tumor, and radiotherapy manifest as global lymphopenia and result in changes in B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte levels. We assessed the longitudinal effects of brain irradiation on B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte concentrations in mice with and without glioblastoma. C57BL\/6 mice were either tumor-free or tumor-bearing with GL-261 glioma cells and underwent brain irradiation with 2.5\u2005Gy fractions in an 8-fraction irradiation regimen. We employed a tree-based model to analyze the acute impact of radiation and tumor volume on B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte reduction (total N = 130). Next, we developed semimechanistic models to describe the recovery patterns of B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte postdepletion after brain irradiation in tumor-free rodents (N = 40). Finally, we applied these models to predict B- and T-lymphocyte kinetics in tumor-bearing rodents. Brain irradiation induced a 50% reduction in B-lymphocyte and T-lymphocyte. Tumor volumes exceeding 59\u2005mm\u00b3 caused B-lymphopenia but not T-lymphopenia during brain irradiation. Radiation exposure of lymph nodes resulted in both B- and T-lymphopenia. Our models successfully described the recovery of B\/T-lymphocytes following their depletion induced by irradiation. Simulations revealed that all mice experienced B-lymphopenia, with recovery occurring within 8 days. 80% of mice experienced T-lymphopenia, with an average recovery time of 3.6 days. When tumor volumes exceeded 59\u2005mm\u00b3, mice suffered prolonged B-lymphopenia. In conclusion, this study highlights the impact of lymph node radiation exposure and tumor volume on lymphocyte reduction and the utility of modeling in predicting long-term lymphocyte levels following brain irradiation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxaf075","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T18:05:17Z","timestamp":1766081117000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Longitudinal prediction of T and B lymphocyte kinetics following brain irradiation in rodents"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9342-6464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thao-Nguyen","family":"Pham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Universit\u00e9, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON , Caen F-14000 ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3\/ENSICAEN, France\u2014Normandie Universit\u00e9 , Caen ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Julie","family":"Coupey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Universit\u00e9, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON , Caen F-14000 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Florian","family":"Yger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research Univ.\/CNRS, LAMSADE , Paris ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Research, Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse , Caen, Normandy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4755-496X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juliette","family":"Thariat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire UMR6534 IN2P3\/ENSICAEN, France\u2014Normandie Universit\u00e9 , Caen ,","place":["France"]},{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Centre Fran\u00e7ois Baclesse , Caen, Normandy ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0355-0270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samuel","family":"Valable","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e9 de Caen Normandie, CNRS, Normandie Universit\u00e9, ISTCT UMR6030, GIP CYCERON , Caen F-14000 ,","place":["France"]}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B1","first-page":"69","article-title":"Early and late effects of irradiation for seminoma testis on the number of blood lymphocytes and their B and T subpopulations","volume":"8","author":"Heier","year":"1975","journal-title":"Lymphology"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/s13046-023-02621-4","article-title":"Beyond lymphopenia, unraveling radiation-induced leucocyte subpopulation kinetics and mechanisms through modeling approaches","volume":"42","author":"Pham","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01468720","article-title":"Number and distribution of lymphocytes in man. A critical analysis","volume":"52","author":"Trepel","year":"1974","journal-title":"Klin Wochenschr"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197801)41:1<108::AID-CNCR2820410116>3.0.CO;2-Z","article-title":"Analysis of treatment in childhood leukemia. IV.The critical association between dose fractionation and immunosuppression induced by cranial irradiation","volume":"41","author":"Maclennan","year":"1978","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1111\/1759-7714.14868","article-title":"Lymphocytopenia and survival after whole-brain radiotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Thorac Cancer"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(197709)40:3<1102::AID-CNCR2820400319>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"Lymphopenia caused by cranial irradiation in children receiving craniospinal radiotherapy","volume":"40","author":"Harisiadis","year":"1977","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1445951","DOI":"10.1080\/2162402X.2018.1445951","article-title":"Systemic depletion of lymphocytes following focal radiation to the brain in a murine model","volume":"7","author":"Piotrowski","year":"2018","journal-title":"OncoImmunology"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1097\/HP.0000000000000348","article-title":"Lymphoid and myeloid recovery in rhesus macaques following total body X-irradiation","volume":"109","author":"Farese","year":"2015","journal-title":"Health Phys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adro.2021.100677","article-title":"Long-term recovery of the adaptive immune system in Rhesus Macaques after total body irradiation","volume":"6","author":"Macintyre","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1695","article-title":"The influence of severe radiation-induced lymphopenia on overall survival in solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"111","author":"Damen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3024","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14123024","article-title":"Severe radiation-induced lymphopenia affects the outcomes of esophageal cancer: a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"14","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2018.01.003","article-title":"A systematic review of the influence of radiation-induced lymphopenia on survival outcomes in solid tumors","volume":"123","author":"Venkatesulu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Rev Oncol Hematol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3727","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-14-2824","article-title":"Ablative tumor radiation can change the tumor immune cell microenvironment to induce durable complete remissions","volume":"21","author":"Filatenkov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20200851","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20200851","article-title":"B cells and cancer: to B or not to B?","volume":"218","author":"Fridman","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Exp Med"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114268","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.23217","article-title":"Relationships between lymphocyte counts and treatment-related toxicities and clinical responses in patients with solid tumors treated with PD-1 checkpoint inhibitors","volume":"8","author":"Diehl","year":"2017","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3282","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers14133282","article-title":"Development of lymphopenia during therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors is associated with poor outcome in metastatic cutaneous melanoma","volume":"14","author":"Tomsitz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cancers (Basel)"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0235-3","article-title":"Simulation modelling for immunologists","volume":"20","author":"Handel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2024.110406","article-title":"Lymphocyte radiosensitivity: a substitution model to the linear-quadratic model?","volume":"198","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1201\/b17203","volume-title":"Mixed Effects Models for the Population Approach: Models, Tasks, Methods and Tools","author":"Lavielle","year":"2014"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e6","DOI":"10.1038\/psp.2012.4","article-title":"Basic concepts in population modeling, simulation, and model-based drug development","volume":"1","author":"Mould","year":"2012","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4794","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.4794","article-title":"A brief introduction to mixed effects modelling and multi-model inference in ecology","volume":"6","author":"Harrison","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470515075","volume-title":"The R Book","author":"Crawley","year":"2007"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B23","first-page":"251524592096035","article-title":"An Introduction to linear mixed-effects modeling in R","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Methods Pract Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-0318-1","volume-title":"Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-PLUS","author":"Pinheiro","year":"2000"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2014.04.025","article-title":"Lymphopenia association with gross tumor volume and lung V5 and its effects on non-small cell lung cancer patient outcomes","volume":"89","author":"Tang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B26","author":"National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B27","author":"Coupey"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1080\/09553002.2024.2324471","article-title":"Early effects of different brain radiotherapy modalities on circulating leucocyte subpopulations in rodents","volume":"100","author":"Pham","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Biol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B29","author":"Therneau"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v028.i05","article-title":"Building predictive models in R using the caret package","volume":"28","author":"Kuhn","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4713","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.02.140","article-title":"Model of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression with parameter consistency across drugs","volume":"20","author":"Friberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B32","author":"Elzhov"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B33","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-9365-9_7","volume-title":"Polynomial Trend Models. Bayesian Forecasting and Dynamic Models","author":"West","year":"1989"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1002\/psp4.12445","article-title":"Nonlinear mixed-effects model development and simulation using nlmixr and related R open-source packages","volume":"8","author":"Fidler","year":"2019","journal-title":"CPT Pharmacometrics Syst Pharmacol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i09","article-title":"Solving differential equations in R: package deSolve","volume":"33","author":"Soetaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1186\/s13014-019-1256-6","article-title":"Clinical predictors of radiation-induced lymphopenia in patients receiving chemoradiation for glioblastoma: clinical usefulness of intensity-modulated radiotherapy in the immuno-oncology era","volume":"14","author":"Byun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Radiat Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eabn6758","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.abn6758","article-title":"Radiation-induced circulating myeloid-derived suppressor cells induce systemic lymphopenia after chemoradiotherapy in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"15","author":"Ghosh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Transl Med"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1093\/neuonc\/noaa182","article-title":"Proton therapy reduces the likelihood of high-grade radiation-induced lymphopenia in glioblastoma patients: phase II randomized study of protons vs photons","volume":"23","author":"Mohan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neuro Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2018.01.069","article-title":"Effect of radiation treatment volume reduction on lymphopenia in patients receiving chemoradiotherapy for glioblastoma","volume":"101","author":"Rudra","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-021-08004-2","article-title":"The predictive value of absolute lymphocyte counts on tumor progression and pseudoprogression in patients with glioblastoma","volume":"21","author":"Xi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Cancer"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-0774","article-title":"Immunosuppression in patients with high-grade gliomas treated with radiation and temozolomide","volume":"17","author":"Grossman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1202805","article-title":"Recirculating memory T cells are a unique subset of CD4+ T cells with a distinct phenotype and migratory pattern","volume":"190","author":"Bromley","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-57204-4_10","volume-title":"Mathematical, Computational and Experimental T Cell Immunology","author":"Ganusov","year":"2021"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijrobp.2023.01.054","article-title":"Predicting severity of radiation induced lymphopenia in individual proton therapy patients for varying dose rate and fractionation using dynamic 4-dimensional blood flow simulations","volume":"116","author":"McCullum","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-45761-1_2","volume-title":"Environmental Radiation Effects on Mammals","author":"Smirnova","year":"2017"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/s00411-014-0538-5","article-title":"Modeling analysis of the lymphocytopoiesis dynamics in chronically irradiated residents of Techa riverside villages","volume":"53","author":"Smirnova","year":"2014","journal-title":"Radiat Environ Biophys"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-065X.1986.tb01482.x","article-title":"Lymphocyte population kinetics in the mouse","volume":"91","author":"Freitas","year":"1986","journal-title":"Immunol Rev"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00806699","article-title":"Distribution of bone marrow cells in the mouse skeleton","volume":"87","author":"Shaposhnikov","year":"1979","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.12009","article-title":"Ionizing radiation impairs T cell activation by affecting metabolic reprogramming","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Biol Sci"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B51","first-page":"16","article-title":"Normal values of T, B and NK lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood of healthy Cuban adults","volume":"21","author":"Kokuina","year":"2019","journal-title":"MEDICC Rev"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.radonc.2021.01.034","article-title":"Risk and impact of radiation related lymphopenia in lung cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"157","author":"Upadhyay","year":"2021","journal-title":"Radiother Oncol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1667\/0033-7587(2000)153[0587:AEOWBP]2.0.CO;2","article-title":"Acute effects of whole-body proton irradiation on the immune system of the mouse","volume":"153","author":"Kajioka","year":"2000","journal-title":"Radiat Res"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1003586","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1003586","article-title":"Mathematical modeling reveals kinetics of lymphocyte recirculation in the whole organism","volume":"10","author":"Ganusov","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"key":"2026041706064323700_uxaf075-B55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1443910","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1443910","article-title":"The thymus road to a T cell: migration, selection, and atrophy","volume":"15","author":"Ruiz P\u00e9rez","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Immunol"}],"container-title":["Clinical and Experimental Immunology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/advance-article-pdf\/doi\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf075\/66006193\/uxaf075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"am","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/220\/1\/uxaf075\/68104219\/uxaf075.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article-pdf\/220\/1\/uxaf075\/68104219\/uxaf075.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,17]],"date-time":"2026-04-17T10:07:06Z","timestamp":1776420426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cei\/article\/doi\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf075\/8383735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cei\/uxaf075","relation":{},"ISSN":["0009-9104","1365-2249"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0009-9104","type":"print"},{"value":"1365-2249","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2026]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]]},"article-number":"uxaf075"}}