{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T17:23:06Z","timestamp":1786123386632,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":212,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Project Rome Technopole","award":["ECS_00000024"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS_00000024"]}]},{"name":"Project Rome Technopole","award":["B83C22002820006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B83C22002820006"]}]},{"name":"Project Rome Technopole","award":["Rome_Tech_Spoke_1_DMS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Rome_Tech_Spoke_1_DMS"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Autoantibodies targeting post-translational modified proteins represent key immunological hallmarks of Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). In a previous study we demonstrated the presence of citrullinated and carbamylated proteins in extracellular microvesicles (EMVs) from plasma of RA patients. Since the pivotal role of TNF\u03b1 in sustaining inflammatory and oxidative processes that promote protein modification, in this study we investigated the patterns of these post-translational modifications in EMVs isolated from RA patients before and after anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment. Twelve consecutive RA patients, na\u00efve to biological therapy, were enrolled and subjected to anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy, which remained stable throughout the 8-month follow-up. EMVs, isolated from baseline (T0) and 8 months of follow-up (T8) plasma of RA patients, were measured by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis or lysed and subjected to western blot analysis, using anti-citrulline or anti-carbamyl lysine antibodies. Anti-citrullinated and anti-carbamylated protein antibodies were also detected. Anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment induced a significant reduction in the concentration of EMVs isolated from plasma of RA patients after 8 months of anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Moreover, in EMVs extracts citrullinated and carbamylated protein levels were significantly lower at T8, as compared to T0 (P &amp;lt; 0.01). Anti-TNF\u03b1 treatment also induced a significant decrease of both anti-citrullinated and anti-carbamylated protein antibody levels, as well as of activity scores (SDAI and DAS28). These findings suggest the role of EMVs, as well as of citrullinated and carbamylated protein levels, as potential indicators of RA activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxag044","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T11:47:50Z","timestamp":1785498470000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Post-translational modifications in extracellular microvesicles from plasma of rheumatoid arthritis patients following anti-TNF\u03b1 therapy"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Serena","family":"Recalchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Life, Health and Health Professions Sciences, \u2018Link Campus\u2019 University , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Riitano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica Maria","family":"Ucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Manganelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Garofalo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome \u00a0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Fratini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanit\u00e0 , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Misasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agostina","family":"Longo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Wellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome \u00a0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4149-5321","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano","family":"Alessandri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]},{"name":"Department of Wellbeing, Health and Environmental Sustainability, Sapienza University of Rome , Rome \u00a0","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabrizio","family":"Conti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Rheumatology, Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiological and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Capozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3534-1502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maurizio","family":"Sorice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Medicine, \u2018Sapienza\u2019 University of Rome , Rome ,","place":["Italy"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"2026080710512150200_uxag044-B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2103726","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis-common origins, divergent mechanisms","volume":"388","author":"Gravallese","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2026080710512150200_uxag044-B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2017.15","article-title":"Beyond citrullination: other post-translational protein modifications in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"13","author":"Trouw","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Rheumatol"},{"key":"2026080710512150200_uxag044-B3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm14051529","article-title":"Rheumatoid factor: diagnostic and prognostic performance and therapeutic implications in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"14","author":"Togashi","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2026080710512150200_uxag044-B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2018.06.006","article-title":"On the origin of rheumatoid factors: insights from analyses of variable region sequences","volume":"48","author":"Falkenburg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"2026080710512150200_uxag044-B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2015.01.013","article-title":"Citrullination and 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