{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T18:21:54Z","timestamp":1787768514508,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,1]],"date-time":"2026-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1767225600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/pages\/standard-publication-reuse-rights"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82271755"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82271755"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82571988"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82571988"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Scientific Research Development Funds"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100015083","name":"Peking University People\u2019s Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RDGS2024-04"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RDGS2024-04"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100015083","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"National Center for Protein Sciences"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007937","name":"Peking University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KF-202305"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KF-202305"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007937","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by immune dysregulation. Tim-3 is an immune checkpoint receptor implicated in various autoimmune conditions. This study aimed to evaluate Tim-3 expression across monocyte subsets in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive SLE patients and assess its clinical relevance and diagnostic potential. Peripheral blood samples were analyzed using flow cytometry. Tim-3 expression and its co-expression with HLA-DR, DP, DQ, CD226, CD39, VNN2, and CD62L were assessed. Tim-3+ monocytes from healthy individuals displayed higher expression of HLA class II, VNN2, CD226, and CD39, but lower CD62L expression. In SLE patients, Tim-3 expression was significantly increased across all monocyte subsets compared with healthy controls, while VNN2 expression was reduced in Tim-3+ monocytes. Upon LPS stimulation, Tim-3+ monocyte subsets produced more TNF-\u03b1. The frequency of Tim-3+ monocytes positively correlated with anti-Ro52 and anti-SSA antibodies. ROC curve analysis demonstrated moderate diagnostic performance of Tim-3+ monocytes for SLE, with an area under the curve of 0.7901. Tim-3+ monocytes exhibit aberrant phenotypic and functional activation in SLE and are associated with disease-related autoantibodies. These findings highlight Tim-3+ monocytes as potential contributors to SLE pathogenesis and candidate biomarkers for early disease identification.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cei\/uxag048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T11:16:46Z","timestamp":1786706206000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Tim-3 upregulation in monocyte subsets as a distinctive immune feature and early diagnostic indicator in systemic lupus erythematosus"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"220","author":[{"given":"Yiming","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University People\u2019s Hospital , Beijing ,","place":["China"]}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qihui","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center , Beijing 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