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To investigate the connectivity between the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the lateral part of the temporal and parietal lobes, we integrated spatiotemporal profiles of cortico-cortical evoked potentials (CCEPs) recorded intraoperatively in 14 patients who had undergone surgical resection for a brain tumor or epileptic focus. Four-dimensional visualization of the combined CCEP data showed that the pars opercularis (Broca\u2019s area) is connected to the posterior temporal cortices and the supramarginal gyrus, whereas the pars orbitalis is connected to the anterior lateral temporal cortices and angular gyrus. Quantitative topographical analysis of CCEP connectivity confirmed an anterior\u2013posterior gradient of connectivity from IFG stimulus sites to the temporal response sites. Reciprocality analysis indicated that the anterior part of the IFG is bidirectionally connected to the temporal or parietal area. This study shows that each IFG subdivision has different connectivity to the temporal lobe with an anterior\u2013posterior gradient and supports the classical connectivity concept of Dejerine; that is, the frontal lobe is connected to the temporal lobe through the arcuate fasciculus and also a double fan-shaped structure anchored at the limen insulae.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa065","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,25]],"date-time":"2020-02-25T15:14:44Z","timestamp":1582643684000},"page":"4633-4650","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Connectivity Gradient in the Human Left Inferior Frontal Gyrus: Intraoperative Cortico-Cortical Evoked Potential Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Takuro","family":"Nakae","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Shiga General Hospital, 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