{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:34:14Z","timestamp":1790778854345,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":104,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]],"date-time":"2020-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1604275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PSI2015-66277-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PSI2015-66277-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RTI2018-098730-B-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RTI2018-098730-B-I00"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Research Training Predoctoral","award":["BES-2016-078438"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BES-2016-078438"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008530","name":"European Regional Development Fund","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008530","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005032","name":"Bial Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["347\/18"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["347\/18"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005032","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004740","name":"Fondazione del Monte di Bologna e Ravenna","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["339bis\/2017"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["339bis\/2017"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004740","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009273","name":"Cogito Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R-117\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R-117\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009273","name":"Cogito Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["14-139-R"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["14-139-R"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009273","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministero Istruzione Universit\u00e0 e Ricerca","award":["2017N7WCLP"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017N7WCLP"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>The embodied cognition approach to linguistic meaning posits that action language understanding is grounded in sensory\u2013motor systems. However, evidence that the human motor cortex is necessary for action language memory is meager. To address this issue, in two groups of healthy individuals, we perturbed the left primary motor cortex (M1) by means of either anodal or cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), before participants had to memorize lists of manual action and attentional sentences. In each group, participants received sham and active tDCS in two separate sessions. Following anodal tDCS (a-tDCS), participants improved the recall of action sentences compared with sham tDCS. No similar effects were detected following cathodal tDCS (c-tDCS). Both a-tDCS and c-tDCS induced variable changes in motor excitability, as measured by motor-evoked potentials induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Remarkably, across groups, action-specific memory improvements were positively predicted by changes in motor excitability. We provide evidence that excitatory modulation of the motor cortex selectively improves performance in a task requiring comprehension and memory of action sentences. These findings indicate that M1 is necessary for accurate processing of linguistic meanings and thus provide causal evidence that high-order cognitive functions are grounded in the human motor system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,21]],"date-time":"2020-09-21T19:22:11Z","timestamp":1600716131000},"page":"1569-1581","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Enhancing Motor Brain Activity Improves Memory for Action Language: A tDCS Study"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Francesca","family":"Vitale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Padr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1139-9996","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessio","family":"Avenanti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Psicologia, Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Alma Mater Studiorum\u2014Universit\u00e0 di Bologna, Cesena 47521, Italy"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n en Neuropsicolog\u00eda y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Cat\u00f3lica del Maule, Talca 3460000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel","family":"de Vega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Universitario de Neurociencia, Universidad de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife 38200, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-160737","article-title":"The road less traveled: alternative pathways for action-verb processing in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"55","author":"Abrevaya","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8040536","article-title":"Short-term effects of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on endurance and maximal force production. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Alix-Fages","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2011.12.001","article-title":"The fade-in\u2013short stimulation\u2013fade out approach to sham tDCS\u2013reliable at 1\u00a0mA for na\u00efve and experienced subjects, but not investigators","volume":"5","author":"Ambrus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2017.04.003","article-title":"Response variability of different anodal transcranial direct current stimulation intensities across multiple sessions","volume":"10","author":"Ammann","year":"2017","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs040","article-title":"Compensatory plasticity in the action observation network: virtual lesions of STS enhance anticipatory simulation of seen actions","volume":"23","author":"Avenanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2007.11.045","article-title":"Somatic and motor components of action simulation","volume":"17","author":"Avenanti","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00185","article-title":"Vicarious motor activation during action perception: beyond correlational evidence","volume":"7","author":"Avenanti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhx041","article-title":"Boosting and decreasing action prediction abilities through excitatory and inhibitory tDCS of inferior frontal cortex","volume":"28","author":"Avenanti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2006.07.060","article-title":"Congruent embodied representations for visually presented actions and linguistic phrases describing actions","volume":"16","author":"Aziz-Zadeh","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199217274.003.0013","volume-title":"Symbols and embodiment: debates on meaning and cognition","author":"Barsalou","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1987","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.249730","article-title":"Partially non-linear stimulation intensity-dependent effects of direct current stimulation on motor cortex excitability in humans","volume":"591","author":"Batsikadze","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.07.011","article-title":"Losing ground: Frontostriatal atrophy disrupts language embodiment in Parkinson\u2019s and Huntington\u2019s disease","volume":"80","author":"Birba","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cogbrainres.2005.02.020","article-title":"Listening to action-related sentences modulates the activity of the motor system: a combined TMS and behavioral study","volume":"24","author":"Buccino","year":"2005","journal-title":"Cogn Brain Res"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.004","article-title":"Effects of tDCS on motor learning and memory formation: a consensus and critical position paper","volume":"128","author":"Buch","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.11.014","article-title":"Using tDCS to facilitate motor learning in speech production: the role of timing","volume":"111","author":"Buchwald","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2010.07305.x","article-title":"Hands on the future: facilitation of cortico-spinal hand-representation when reading the future tense of hand-related action verbs","volume":"32","author":"Candidi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1355","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-013-0510-1","article-title":"Action-verb processing in Parkinson\u2019s disease: new pathways for motor\u2013language coupling","volume":"218","author":"Cardona","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1515\/langcog.2010.004","article-title":"Disembodying cognition","volume":"2","author":"Chatterjee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lang Cogn"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.48.5.1398","article-title":"Depression of motor cortex excitability by low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Chen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.07.031","article-title":"Inter- and intra-individual variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) at varying current intensities","volume":"8","author":"Chew","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","article-title":"A power primer","volume":"112","author":"Cohen","year":"1992","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2014.03.006","article-title":"Neuromodulation of parietal and motor activity affects motor planning and execution","volume":"57","author":"Convento","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780199217274.001.0001","volume-title":"Symbols and embodiment: debates on meaning and cognition","author":"Vega","year":"2008"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00559","article-title":"Action sentences activate sensory motor regions in the brain independently of their status of reality","volume":"26","author":"Vega","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref25","article-title":"Crossing hands behind your back reduces recall of manual action sentences and alters motoric EEG rhythms","author":"Vega"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-011-0356-1","article-title":"The comprehension of action-related sentences may cause interference rather than facilitation on matching actions","volume":"77","author":"Vega","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2009.03.005","article-title":"Gyri-precise head model of transcranial direct current stimulation: improved spatial focality using a ring electrode versus conventional rectangular pad","volume":"2","author":"Datta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1246","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-013-0326-1","article-title":"EsPal: one-stop shopping for Spanish word properties","volume":"45","author":"Duchon","year":"2013","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1177\/1747021818785096","article-title":"How to change your memory of an object with a posture and a verb","volume":"72","author":"Dutriaux","year":"2018","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0159108","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0159108","article-title":"Learning is better with the hands free: the role of posture in the memory of manipulable objects","volume":"11","author":"Dutriaux","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2018.09.002","article-title":"Enhanced action performance following TMS manipulation of associative plasticity in ventral premotor-motor pathway","volume":"183","author":"Fiori","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701623605","article-title":"Embodied language: a review of the role of the motor system in language comprehension","volume":"61","author":"Fischer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003","article-title":"Transcranial DC stimulation (tDCS): a tool for double-blind sham-controlled clinical studies in brain stimulation","volume":"117","author":"Gandiga","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/jmedgenet-2016-104148","article-title":"The cerebellum and embodied semantics: evidence from a case of genetic ataxia due to STUB1 mutations","volume":"54","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Med Genet"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2016.04.022","article-title":"A touch with words: dynamic synergies between manual actions and language","volume":"68","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.12.022","article-title":"When embodiment breaks down: language deficits as novel avenues into movement disorders","volume":"100","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.002","article-title":"How meaning unfolds in neural time: embodied reactivations can precede multimodal semantic effects during language processing","volume":"197","author":"Garc\u00eda","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"764","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.10.012","article-title":"The influence of rTMS over prefrontal and motor areas in a morphological task: grammatical vs. semantic effects","volume":"46","author":"Gerfo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196313","article-title":"Grounding language in action","volume":"9","author":"Glenberg","year":"2002","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1080\/17470210701625550","article-title":"Processing abstract language modulates motor system activity","volume":"61","author":"Glenberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1069","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9280.2007.02027.x","article-title":"Google and the mind: predicting fluency with pagerank","volume":"18","author":"Griffiths","year":"2007","journal-title":"Psychol Sci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2015.11.005","article-title":"The effect of anodal transcranial direct current stimulation on motor sequence learning in healthy individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Hashemirad","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2008.03.013","article-title":"The time course of action and action-word comprehension in the human brain as revealed by neurophysiology","volume":"102","author":"Hauk","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2012.02.045","article-title":"Action naming in Parkinson\u2019s disease patients on\/off dopamine","volume":"513","author":"Herrera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.08.003","article-title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) electrode size and current intensity on motor cortical excitability: evidence from single and repeated sessions","volume":"9","author":"Ho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1004","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(07)70266-1","article-title":"Semantic dementia: a unique clinicopathological syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Hodges","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1273","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272738","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the impact of stimulation intensity on neuroplastic after-effects induced by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"595","author":"Jamil","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2009.05.037","article-title":"The effect of transcranial direct current stimulation on the cortical activation by motor task in the human brain: an fMRI study","volume":"460","author":"Jang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00122","article-title":"Motor\u2013language coupling in Huntington\u2019s disease families","volume":"6","author":"Kargieman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.29.3.439","article-title":"Effects of negation and situational presence on the accessibility of text information","volume":"29","author":"Kaup","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"826","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2010.11.001","article-title":"Behavioral patterns and lesion sites associated with impaired processing of lexical and conceptual knowledge of actions","volume":"48","author":"Kemmerer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1097\/WNR.0b013e3283631467","article-title":"Semantic priming in the motor cortex: evidence from combined repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation and event-related potential","volume":"24","author":"Kuipers","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref54","first-page":"647","article-title":"a-tDCS on the ipsilesional parietal cortex boosts the effects of prism adaptation treatment in neglect","volume":"33","author":"L\u00e0davas","year":"2015","journal-title":"Restor Neurol Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20120392","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2012.0392","article-title":"Neurocognitive insights on conceptual knowledge and its breakdown","volume":"369","author":"Lambon Ralph","year":"2014","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0870-z","article-title":"For a cognitive neuroscience of concepts: moving beyond the grounding issue","volume":"23","author":"Leshinskaya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.097634","article-title":"Transcranial direct current stimulation for depression: 3-week, randomised, sham-controlled trial","volume":"200","author":"Loo","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1017\/S1461145709990411","article-title":"A double-blind, sham-controlled trial of transcranial direct current stimulation for the treatment of depression","volume":"13","author":"Loo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2015.07.042","article-title":"Relationship between non-invasive brain stimulation-induced plasticity and capacity for motor learning","volume":"8","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.004","article-title":"Inter-individual variability in response to non-invasive brain stimulation paradigms","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Alonso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/23273798.2014.987791","article-title":"What is embodied about cognition?","volume":"30","author":"Mahon","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lang Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphysparis.2008.03.004","article-title":"A critical look at the embodied cognition hypothesis and a new proposal for grounding conceptual content","volume":"102","author":"Mahon","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Physiol Paris"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11899","DOI":"10.1038\/srep11899","article-title":"Cortical dynamics and subcortical signatures of motor-language coupling in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"5","author":"Melloni","year":"2015","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bandc.2013.04.010","article-title":"Understanding action language modulates oscillatory mu and beta rhythms in the same way as observing actions","volume":"82","author":"Moreno","year":"2013","journal-title":"Brain Cogn"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.018","article-title":"Brain dynamics in the comprehension of action-related language. A time-frequency analysis of mu rhythms","volume":"109","author":"Moreno","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-2457(02)00412-1","article-title":"Level of action of cathodal DC polarisation induced inhibition of the human motor cortex","volume":"114","author":"Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"issue":"Pt 3","key":"2021020810361772000_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7793.2000.t01-1-00633.x","article-title":"Excitability changes induced in the human motor cortex by weak transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"527","author":"Nitsche","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.57.10.1899","article-title":"Sustained excitability elevations induced by transcranial DC motor cortex stimulation in humans","volume":"57","author":"Nitsche","year":"2001","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1162\/089892903321662994","article-title":"Facilitation of implicit motor learning by weak transcranial direct current stimulation of the primary motor cortex in the human","volume":"15","author":"Nitsche","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47514","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047514","article-title":"Rethinking clinical trials of transcranial direct current stimulation: participant and assessor blinding is inadequate at intensities of 2mA","volume":"7","author":"O\u2019Connell","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1162\/089892904322926719","article-title":"All talk and no action: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study of motor cortex activation during action word production","volume":"16","author":"Oliveri","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.01.033","article-title":"Determinants of the electric field during transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"109","author":"Opitz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3379","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4087-6","article-title":"Electrifying the motor engram: effects of tDCS on motor learning and control","volume":"232","author":"Orban de Xivry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref74","first-page":"111","article-title":"The PageRank citation ranking: bringing order to the web","author":"Page","year":"1999","journal-title":"Tech Report Stanford InfoLab"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bht423","article-title":"The origin of word-related motor activity","volume":"25","author":"Papeo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00148","article-title":"Disrupting the brain to validate hypotheses on the neurobiology of language","volume":"7","author":"Papeo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e4508","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0004508","article-title":"Effects of TMS on different stages of motor and non-motor verb processing in the primary motor cortex","volume":"4","author":"Papeo","year":"2009","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.09.019","article-title":"Primary motor cortex crucial for action prediction: a tDCS study","volume":"109","author":"Paracampo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00257","article-title":"Independent representations of verbs and actions in left lateral temporal cortex","volume":"24","author":"Peelen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2009.12.036","article-title":"Amodal semantic representations depend on both anterior temporal lobes: evidence from repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation","volume":"48","author":"Pobric","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20137","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0707383104","article-title":"Anterior temporal lobes mediate semantic representation: mimicking semantic dementia by using rTMS in normal participants","volume":"104","author":"Pobric","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.09.085","article-title":"Introducing graph theory to track for neuroplastic alterations in the resting human brain: a transcranial direct current stimulation study","volume":"54","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21104","article-title":"Modulating functional connectivity patterns and topological functional organization of the human brain with transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"32","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1038\/s41593-017-0054-4","article-title":"Studying and modifying brain function with non-invasive brain stimulation","volume":"21","author":"Polan\u00eda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2005.03900.x","article-title":"Functional links between motor and language systems","volume":"21","author":"Pulverm\u00fcller","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.09.017","article-title":"Modulation of motor and premotor cortices by actions, action words and action sentences","volume":"47","author":"Raposo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1097\/WCO.0b013e32834c3db0","article-title":"Modulation of motor performance and motor learning by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Reis","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.11.001","article-title":"The effects of rTMS over the primary motor cortex: the link between action and language","volume":"51","author":"Repetto","year":"2013","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2015.02.001","article-title":"Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord, roots and peripheral nerves: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical and research application: an updated report from an I.F.C.N. Committee","volume":"126","author":"Rossini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2012.10.004","article-title":"Abstract and concrete phrases processing differentially modulates cortico-spinal excitability","volume":"1488","author":"Scorolli","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1080\/09588221.2010.514576","article-title":"Using Google as a super corpus to drive written language learning: a comparison with the British National Corpus","volume":"23","author":"Sha","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comput Assist Lang Learn"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00193","article-title":"Why the assessment of causality in brain-behavior relations requires brain stimulation","volume":"24","author":"Silvanto","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/YCT.0000000000000510","article-title":"Physiology of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"34","author":"Stagg","year":"2018","journal-title":"J ECT"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858410386614","article-title":"Physiological basis of transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"17","author":"Stagg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Neuroscientist"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2009.06937.x","article-title":"Modulation of movement-associated cortical activation by transcranial direct current stimulation","volume":"30","author":"Stagg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref96","first-page":"530423","article-title":"Efficacy and interindividual variability in motor-cortex plasticity following anodal tDCS and paired-associative stimulation","volume":"2015","author":"Strube","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1162\/0898929053124965","article-title":"Listening to action-related sentences activates fronto-parietal motor circuits","volume":"17","author":"Tettamanti","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Cogn Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2009.12.123","article-title":"The functional role of motor activation in language processing: motor cortical oscillations support lexical-semantic retrieval","volume":"50","author":"Elk","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.04.017","article-title":"cTBS delivered to the left somatosensory cortex changes its functional connectivity during rest","volume":"114","author":"Valchev","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsw029","article-title":"Primary somatosensory contribution to action observation brain activity-combining fMRI and cTBS","volume":"11","author":"Valchev","year":"2016","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2017.01.025","article-title":"Primary motor cortex functionally contributes to language comprehension: an online rTMS study","volume":"96","author":"Vukovic","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2014.02.003","article-title":"Variability in response to transcranial direct current stimulation of the motor cortex","volume":"7","author":"Wiethoff","year":"2014","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.08.004","article-title":"Action-related dynamic changes in inferior frontal cortex effective connectivity: a TMS\/EEG coregistration study","volume":"108","author":"Zanon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2021020810361772000_ref104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-3445.135.1.1","article-title":"Seeing, acting, understanding: motor resonance in language comprehension","volume":"135","author":"Zwaan","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Exp Psychol Gen"}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/1569\/36202370\/bhaa309.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"http:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/31\/3\/1569\/36202370\/bhaa309.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,8]],"date-time":"2021-02-08T20:28:29Z","timestamp":1612816109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article\/31\/3\/1569\/5951762"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"references-count":104,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,5]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa309","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-3211","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2021,3]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,11,2]]}}}