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Previous studies have shown that pyramidal cell structure differs across layers, cortical areas, and species. However, within the human cortex, the pyramidal dendritic morphology has been quantified in detail in relatively few cortical areas. In the present work, we performed intracellular injections of Lucifer Yellow at several distances from the temporal pole. We found regional differences in pyramidal cell morphology, which showed large inter-individual variability in most of the morphological variables measured. However, some values remained similar in all cases. The smallest and least complex cells in the most posterior temporal region showed the greatest dendritic spine density. Neurons in the temporal pole showed the greatest sizes with the highest number of spines. Layer V cells were larger, more complex, and had a greater number of dendritic spines than those in layer III. The present results suggest that, while some aspects of pyramidal structure are conserved, there are specific variations across cortical regions, and species.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab034","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,10]],"date-time":"2021-02-10T20:21:46Z","timestamp":1612988506000},"page":"3592-3609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Variation in Pyramidal Cell Morphology Across the Human Anterior Temporal Lobe"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Benavides-Piccione","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Madrid 28002, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Concepcion","family":"Rojo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Secci\u00f3n Departamental de Anatom\u00eda y Embriolog\u00eda, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asta","family":"Kastanauskaite","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Madrid 28002, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"DeFelipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas, Madrid 28002, Spain"},{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda 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