{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T13:04:13Z","timestamp":1784725453465,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]],"date-time":"2021-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618185600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018SHZDZX05"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018SHZDZX05"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SAP #4100083102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SAP #4100083102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIA NS003041"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIA NS003041"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,29]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Curiosity is a fundamental nature of animals for adapting to changing environments, but its underlying brain circuits and mechanisms remain poorly understood. One main barrier is that existing studies use rewards to train animals and motivate their engagement in behavioral tasks. As such, the rewards become significant confounders in interpreting curiosity. Here, we overcame this problem by studying research-na\u00efve and naturally curious marmosets that can proactively and persistently participate in a visual choice task without external rewards. When performing the task, the marmosets manifested a strong innate preference towards acquiring new information, associated with faster behavioral responses. Longitudinally functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed behavior-relevant brain states that reflected choice preferences and engaged several brain regions, including the cerebellum, the hippocampus, and cortical areas 19DI, 25, and 46D, with the cerebellum being the most prominent. These results unveil the essential brain circuits and dynamics underlying curiosity-driven activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T12:11:52Z","timestamp":1615810312000},"page":"4220-4232","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The Brain Circuits and Dynamics of Curiosity-Driven Behavior in Naturally Curious Marmosets"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Xiaoguang","family":"Tian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Afonso C","family":"Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cirong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh PA 15261, USA"},{"name":"Cerebral Microcirculation Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892, USA"},{"name":"Institute of Neuroscience, Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China"},{"name":"Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology, Shanghai 201210, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021100108100195700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs352","article-title":"Tracking whole-brain connectivity dynamics in the resting state","volume":"24","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2021100108100195700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2009.12.020","article-title":"The uncertainty processing theory of motivation","volume":"208","author":"Anselme","year":"2010","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"2021100108100195700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.visres.2015.10.009","article-title":"Eye movements reveal epistemic curiosity in human 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