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We analyzed the synaptic density, 3D spatial distribution, and type (asymmetric\/symmetric), as well as the size and shape of each synaptic junction of 4945 synapses that were fully reconstructed in 3D. Significant differences in the mean synaptic density between autopsy and biopsy samples were found (0.49 and 0.66 synapses\/\u03bcm3, respectively). However, in both types of samples (autopsy and biopsy), the asymmetric:symmetric ratio was similar (93:7) and most asymmetric synapses were established on dendritic spines (75%), while most symmetric synapses were established on dendritic shafts (85%). We also compared several electron microscopy methods and analysis tools to estimate the synaptic density in the same brain tissue. We have shown that FIB\/SEM is much more reliable and robust than the majority of the other commonly used EM techniques. The present work constitutes a detailed description of the synaptic organization of cortical layer III. Further studies on the rest of the cortical layers are necessary to better understand the functional organization of this temporal cortical region.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab120","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T16:31:56Z","timestamp":1618590716000},"page":"4742-4764","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Three-Dimensional Synaptic Organization of Layer III of the Human Temporal Neocortex"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Nicol\u00e1s","family":"Cano-Astorga","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"DeFelipe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lidia","family":"Alonso-Nanclares","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratorio Cajal de Circuitos Corticales, Centro de Tecnolog\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid, Madrid 28223, Spain"},{"name":"Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient\u00edficas (CSIC), Madrid 28002, Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), ISCIII, Madrid 28031, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090106412803900_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-4580(87)90003-0","article-title":"Comparison of synaptic changes in the precentral and postcentral cerebral cortex of aging humans: a quantitative ultrastructural study","volume":"8","author":"Adams","year":"1987","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"2021090106412803900_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14615","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0803652105","article-title":"Gender differences in human cortical synaptic density","volume":"105","author":"Alonso-Nanclares","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci"},{"key":"2021090106412803900_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fnana.2014.00085","article-title":"Three-dimensional distribution of 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