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Although the neuropathophysiology of musician\u2019s dystonia remains unclear, it has been suggested that maladaptive functional abnormalities in subcortical and cortical regions may be involved. Here, we hypothesized that aberrant effective connectivity between the cerebellum (subcortical) and motor\/somatosensory cortex may underlie the neuropathophysiology of musician\u2019s dystonia. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we measured the brain activity of 30 pianists with or without FTSD as they played a magnetic resonance imaging-compatible piano-like keyboard, which elicited dystonic symptoms in many but not all pianists with FTSD. Pianists with FTSD showed greater activation of the right cerebellum during the task than healthy pianists. Furthermore, patients who reported dystonic symptoms during the task demonstrated greater cerebellar activation than those who did not, establishing a link between cerebellar activity and overt dystonic symptoms. Using multivoxel pattern analysis, moreover, we found that dystonic and healthy pianists differed in the task-related effective connectivity between the right cerebellum and left premotor\/somatosensory cortex. The present study indicates that abnormal cerebellar activity and cerebello-cortical connectivity may underlie the pathophysiology of FTSD in musicians.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,22]],"date-time":"2021-04-22T19:19:03Z","timestamp":1619119143000},"page":"4853-4863","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Aberrant Cerebello-Cortical Connectivity in Pianists With Focal Task-Specific Dystonia"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Kahori","family":"Kita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Center for Frontier Medical Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba 263-8522, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shinichi","family":"Furuya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Musical Skill and Injury Center, Sophia University, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan"},{"name":"Sony Computer Science Laboratories Inc., Tokyo 141-0022, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rieko","family":"Osu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University, Saitama 359-1192, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Sakamoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Hospital, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Hanakawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Advanced Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan"},{"name":"Integrated Neuroanatomy and Neuroimaging, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021090106305609100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25475","article-title":"Phenomenology and classification of dystonia: a consensus update","volume":"28","author":"Albanese","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2021090106305609100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1974.54.4.957","article-title":"Cerebrocerebellar communication 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