{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T16:33:48Z","timestamp":1781195628321,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,3]],"date-time":"2021-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1622678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"New Frontiers in Research Fund","award":["NFRFE\u20132018\u201300482"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NFRFE\u20132018\u201300482"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008914","name":"Ontario Brain Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IDS\u201311\u201302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IDS\u201311\u201302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008914","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Social communication differences are seen in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and obsessive\u2013compulsive disorder (OCD), but the brain mechanisms contributing to these differences remain largely unknown. To address this gap, we used a data-driven and diagnosis-agnostic approach to discover brain correlates of social communication differences in ASD, ADHD, and OCD, and subgroups of individuals who share similar patterns of brain-behavior associations. A machine learning pipeline (regression clustering) was used to discover the pattern of association between structural brain measures (volume, surface area, and cortical thickness) and social communication abilities. Participants (n\u2009=\u2009416) included children with a diagnosis of ASD (n\u2009=\u2009192, age\u2009=\u200912.0[5.6], 19% female), ADHD (n\u2009=\u2009109, age\u2009=\u200911.1[4.1], 18% female), or OCD (n\u2009=\u200950, age\u2009=\u200912.3[4.2], 42% female), and typically developing controls (n\u2009=\u200965, age\u2009=\u200911.6[7.1], 48% female). The analyses revealed (1) associations with social communication abilities in distributed cortical and subcortical networks implicated in social behaviors, language, attention, memory, and executive functions, and (2) three data-driven, diagnosis-agnostic subgroups based on the patterns of association in the above networks. Our results suggest that different brain networks may contribute to social communication differences in subgroups that are not diagnosis-specific.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab142","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,25]],"date-time":"2021-05-25T19:12:41Z","timestamp":1621969961000},"page":"5067-5076","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Cross-Diagnosis Structural Correlates of Autistic-Like Social Communication Differences"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Azadeh","family":"Kushki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research Centre, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M4G 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"University of Toronto, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn E","family":"Cardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Autism Research 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J","family":"Taylor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto M5T 1W7, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Russell","family":"Schachar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Crosbie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 1R8, Canada"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, 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