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The current study used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans of 34 undergraduates (17 males, mean age = 20.3\u00b11.64 years old) while they completed mathematical, physical and chemical principles, arithmetic computation, and sentence comprehension. We examined neural activation level, neural activation pattern, and neural connectivity to investigate the neural associations between mathematics and science (including physics and chemistry). The results showed that mathematical, physical, and chemical principles elicited similar neural activation level and neural activation pattern in the visuospatial network (mainly in the middle frontal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule), which were different from those elicited by sentence comprehension; those three principles also elicited similar neural activation level and neural activation pattern in the semantic network (mainly in the middle temporal gyrus, angular gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex), in contrast to that elicited by arithmetic computation. Effective connectivity analyses showed stronger connectivity between the middle temporal gyrus and inferior parietal lobule for mathematical, physical, and chemical principles than for sentence comprehension. The results suggest that visuospatial and semantic networks were critical for processing both mathematics and science.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab198","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,6]],"date-time":"2021-07-06T11:47:49Z","timestamp":1625572069000},"page":"123-136","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Mathematics Meets Science in the Brain"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"Siegler center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mathematical learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mengyi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"Siegler center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mathematical learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tao","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Collaborative Innovation Center of Assessment for Basic Education Quality, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3530-0922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xinlin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Faculty of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Advanced Innovation Center for Future Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 102206, China"},{"name":"Siegler center for Innovative Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"},{"name":"Center for Brain and Mathematical learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"2021120920381841900_ref1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Project based learning integrated to stem to enhance elementary school's students scientific literacy. 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