{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T14:58:50Z","timestamp":1791557930445,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]],"date-time":"2021-07-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1627344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"name":"Emeritus Research Scholar Award from Fonds de recherche Qu\u00e9bec\u2014Sant\u00e9","award":["251649"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["251649"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,22]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n               <jats:p>Pain influences both motor behavior and neuroplastic adaptations induced by physical training. Motor imagery (MI) is a promising method to recover motor functions, for instance in clinical populations with limited endurance or concomitant pain. However, the influence of pain on the MI processes is not well established. This study investigated whether acute experimental pain could modulate corticospinal excitability assessed at rest and during MI (Exp. 1) and limit the use-dependent plasticity induced by MI practice (Exp. 2). Participants imagined thumb movements without pain or with painful electrical stimulations applied either on digit V or over the knee. We used transcranial magnetic stimulation to measure corticospinal excitability at rest and during MI (Exp. 1) and to evoke involuntary thumb movements before and after MI practice (Exp. 2). Regardless of its location, pain prevented the increase of corticospinal excitability that is classically observed during MI. In addition, pain blocked use-dependent plasticity following MI practice, as testified by a lack of significant posttraining deviations. These findings suggest that pain interferes with MI processes, preventing the corticospinal excitability facilitation needed to induce use-dependent plasticity. Pain should be carefully considered for rehabilitation programs using MI to restore motor function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,29]],"date-time":"2021-06-29T19:07:32Z","timestamp":1624993652000},"page":"640-651","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Pain, No Gain: Acute Pain Interrupts Motor Imagery Processes and Affects Mental Training-Induced Plasticity"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"C\u00e9cilia","family":"Neige","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florent","family":"Lebon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Mercier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00e9r\u00e9mie","family":"Gaveau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charalambos","family":"Papaxanthis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C\u00e9lia","family":"Ruffino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022020117382334700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2018.06.039","article-title":"Temporal profile and limb-specificity of phasic pain-evoked changes in motor excitability","volume":"386","author":"Algoet","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2022020117382334700_ref2","first-page":"145","article-title":"Motor consequences of experimentally induced limb pain: a systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Bank","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Pain (United Kingdom)"},{"key":"2022020117382334700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4183-7","article-title":"The uses and interpretations of the motor-evoked potential for understanding behaviour","volume":"233","author":"Bestmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Brain Res"},{"key":"2022020117382334700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpain.2018.07.004","article-title":"Do people with chronic musculoskeletal pain have impaired motor imagery? 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