{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:51:11Z","timestamp":1791946271469,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":111,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 110-2321-B-006-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 110-2321-B-006-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MOST 108-2410-H-006-038-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MOST 108-2410-H-006-038-MY3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007225","name":"Ministry of Science and Technology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["108-2321-B-006-022-MY2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["108-2321-B-006-022-MY2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007225","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Age-related differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe remain unclear. We adopted task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate age differences in the functional hierarchical organization of the frontal lobe. Behavioral results report both reaction time and efficiency declined as the levels of abstraction increased in the selection of a set of stimulus\u2013response mappings in older adults compared with young adults. fMRI findings suggest trends of the hierarchical organization along the rostro\u2013caudal axis in both groups, and brain\u2013behavior correlation further suggests neural dedifferentiation in older adults when performing at the highest level of control demands experiment. Behavioral performances and age difference overactivations at the highest level of control demands were both associated with working memory capacity, suggesting the working memory capacity is important for processing the highest task demands. Region-of-interest analysis revealed age differences in brain overactivation and common activation across experiments in the primary motor cortex, parietal lobule, and the fusiform gyrus may serve as shared mechanisms underlying tasks that are required for the selection of stimulus\u2013response mapping sets. Overall, older adults reflect maladaptive overactivation in task-irrelevant regions that are detrimental to performance with the highest control demands.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,30]],"date-time":"2021-09-30T16:11:28Z","timestamp":1633018288000},"page":"2797-2815","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Age Differences of the Hierarchical Cognitive Control and the Frontal Rostro\u2013Caudal Functional Brain Activation"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Zai-Fu","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Brain and Cognition , Psychology Research Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1001 NK Amsterdam, The Netherlands"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Sports Training , College of Kinesiology, Tianmu Campus, University of Taipei, Taipei City 11153, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6247-244X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shulan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology , College of Social Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Allied Health Sciences , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Public Health , College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022070106172177000_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.03.031","article-title":"Dopamine and memory dedifferentiation in 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