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The hub-and-spokes model posits that a central semantic hub coordinates this network. In this study, we explored distinct aspects that define a semantic hub, as reflected in the spatiotemporal modulation of neural activity and connectivity by semantic variables, from the earliest stages of semantic processing. We used source-reconstructed electro\/magnetoencephalography, and investigated the concreteness contrast across three tasks. In a whole-cortex analysis, the left anterior temporal lobe (ATL) was the only area that showed modulation of evoked brain activity from 100\u00a0ms post-stimulus. Furthermore, using Dynamic Causal Modeling of the evoked responses, we investigated effective connectivity amongst the candidate semantic hub regions, that is, left ATL, supramarginal\/angular gyrus (SMG\/AG), middle temporal gyrus, and inferior frontal gyrus. We found that models with a single semantic hub showed the highest Bayesian evidence, and the hub region was found to change from ATL (within 250\u00a0ms) to SMG\/AG (within 450\u00a0ms) over time. Our results support a single semantic hub view, with ATL showing sustained modulation of neural activity by semantics, and both ATL and AG underlying connectivity depending on the stage of semantic processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhab501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,13]],"date-time":"2021-12-13T15:14:13Z","timestamp":1639408453000},"page":"4549-4564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Distinct roles for the anterior temporal lobe and angular gyrus in the spatiotemporal cortical semantic network"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4211-4108","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Seyedeh-Rezvan","family":"Farahibozorg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB2 7EF , UK"},{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging , Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"},{"name":"University of Oxford , Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, , Oxford, OX3 9DU , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0712-2639","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard N","family":"Henson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB2 7EF , UK"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB2 0SZ , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7400-8094","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M","family":"Woollams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience and Aphasia Research Unit , School of Biological Sciences, , Manchester, M13 9PL , UK"},{"name":"University of Manchester , School of Biological Sciences, , Manchester, M13 9PL , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0817-6054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olaf","family":"Hauk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge , Cambridge, CB2 7EF , UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2008.0319","article-title":"Simulation, situated conceptualization, and prediction","volume":"364","author":"Barsalou","year":"2009","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci"},{"issue":"8","key":"2022101706063877700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5003-10.2011","article-title":"Simple composition: a magnetoencephalography investigation into the comprehension of minimal linguistic phrases","volume":"31","author":"Bemis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"issue":"9","key":"2022101706063877700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0073949","article-title":"Flexible composition: MEG evidence for the deployment of basic combinatorial linguistic mechanisms in response to task demands","volume":"8","author":"Bemis","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1859","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhs170","article-title":"Basic linguistic composition recruits the left anterior temporal lobe and left angular gyrus during both listening and reading","volume":"23","author":"Bemis","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.3758\/s13423-015-0909-1","article-title":"In defense of abstract conceptual representations","volume":"23","author":"Binder","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychon Bull Rev"},{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2011.10.001","article-title":"The neurobiology of semantic memory","volume":"15","author":"Binder","year":"2011","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref8","first-page":"905","article-title":"Distinct brain systems for processing concrete and abstract concepts","volume-title":"J Cogn Neurosci","author":"Binder","year":"2005"},{"key":"2022101706063877700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2767","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhp055","article-title":"Where is the semantic system? 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