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However, it remains unclear how the spontaneous spatial and temporal activity of DMN underlie the association between rumination and depression. To illustrate this issue, behavioral measures and resting-state functional magnetic resonance images were connected in 2 independent samples (NSample1\u2009=\u2009100, NSample2\u2009=\u200995). Fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF) and regional homogeneity (ReHo) were used to assess spatial characteristic patterns, while voxel-wise functional concordance (across time windows) (VC) and Hurst exponent (HE) were used to assess temporal dynamic patterns of brain activity. Results from both samples consistently show that temporal dynamics but not spatial patterns of DMN are associated with rumination. Specifically, rumination is positively correlated with HE and VC (but not fALFF and ReHo) values, reflecting more consistent and regular temporal dynamic patterns in DMN. Moreover, subregion analyses indicate that temporal dynamics of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) reliably predict rumination scores. Furthermore, mediation analyses show that HE and VC of VMPFC mediate the association between rumination and depression. These findings shed light on neural mechanisms of individual differences in rumination and corresponding risk for depression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,4]],"date-time":"2022-03-04T12:08:42Z","timestamp":1646395722000},"page":"969-982","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Temporal dynamic patterns of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex underlie the association between rumination and depression"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8794-8432","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"},{"name":"Faculty of Psychology , , Chongqing, China"},{"name":"Southwest University , , Chongqing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bharat","family":"Biswal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , , Newark, NJ, United States"},{"name":"New Jersey Institute of Technology , , Newark, NJ, United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiemin","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Songlin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Educational Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"YanQing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shengdong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology, Qufu Normal University , Qufu, Shandong, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"JiaJin","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Brain and Psychological Science, Sichuan Normal University , Chengdu, Sichuan, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2006.10.016","article-title":"Remembering the past and imagining the future: common and distinct neural substrates during event construction and elaboration","volume":"45","author":"Addis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1997.0264","article-title":"Empirical analyses of BOLD fMRI statistics","volume":"5","author":"Aguirre","year":"1997","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1186\/s40345-018-0137-5","article-title":"Rumination related activity in brain networks mediating attentional switching in euthymic bipolar patients","volume":"7","author":"Apazoglou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Bipolar Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164402062004005","article-title":"Reliability generalization of scores on the Spielberger state-trait anxiety inventory","volume":"62","author":"Barnes","year":"2002","journal-title":"Educ Psychol Meas"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1961.01710120031004","article-title":"An inventory for measuring depression","volume":"4","author":"Beck","year":"1961","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00426-013-0517-5","article-title":"Worrying and rumination are both associated with reduced cognitive control","volume":"78","author":"Beckwe","year":"2014","journal-title":"Psychol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq080","article-title":"Depression, rumination and the default network","volume":"6","author":"Berman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci"},{"key":"2023021513515037000_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.09.027","article-title":"Does resting-state connectivity reflect depressive rumination? 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