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A common behavioral feature of these neuropsychiatric disorders is a shift in the balance of decision-making strategy from goal-directed action to habitual response. This study has verified that adolescent social isolation directly shifts the balance of decision-making strategy from goal-directed action to habitual response, and that it cannot be reversed by simple regrouping. This study has further revealed that adolescent social isolation induces a suppression in the excitatory neurotransmission onto the direct-pathway medium spiny neurons of the dorsomedial striatum (DMS), and that chemogenetically compensating this suppression effect shifts the balance of decision-making strategy from habitual response back to goal-directed action. These findings suggest that the plasticity in the DMS causes the shift in the balance of decision-making strategy, which would potentially help to develop a general therapy to treat the various neuropsychiatric disorders caused by adolescent social isolation. Such a study is especially necessary under the circumstances that social distancing and lockdown have caused during times of world-wide, society-wide pandemic.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac158","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T11:09:21Z","timestamp":1649934561000},"page":"1595-1609","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Adolescent social isolation shifts the balance of decision-making strategy from goal-directed action to habitual response in adulthood via suppressing the excitatory neurotransmission onto the direct pathway of the dorsomedial striatum"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7717-2922","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Qiang","family":"Shan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity , , Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China"},{"name":"Shantou University Medical College , , Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for Synaptic Plasticity , , Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China"},{"name":"Shantou University Medical College , , Shantou, Guangdong, 515041, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yao","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Chern Institute of Mathematics , , Tianjin, 300071, China"},{"name":"Nankai University , , Tianjin, 300071, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748108400816","article-title":"Instrumental responding following reinforcer devaluation","volume":"33B","author":"Adams","year":"1981","journal-title":"Q J Exp Psychol B"},{"key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041","article-title":"Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex","volume":"9","author":"Alexander","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e94778","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0094778","article-title":"Impairments in goal-directed actions predict treatment response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder","volume":"9","author":"Alvares","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1002\/aur.1613","article-title":"Reduced goal-directed action control in autism spectrum disorder","volume":"9","author":"Alvares","year":"2016","journal-title":"Autism Res"},{"key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cobeha.2018.01.003","article-title":"Neurobiology of habit formation","volume":"20","author":"Amaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Opin Behav Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023030120391140600_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1007\/s00406-005-0624-4","article-title":"The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. 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