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However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effects of SD on fear acquisition are unclear. Here, we tested whether and how SD influences the behavioral and neural manifestations of fear acquisition. We found that subjective fear ratings and objective fear indices (skin conductance response [SCR]) in the SD group were greater than those in the control group during fear acquisition, suggesting that SD facilitated fear acquisition (nSD\u2009=\u200918 and ncontrol\u2009=\u200923 for self-reported rating analysis; nSD\u2009=\u200910 and ncontrol\u2009=\u200910 for SCR analysis). Neuroimaging data showed that the SD group exhibited stronger activity in the left basolateral amygdala (BLA) and left superficial amygdala (SFA). Moreover, the left BLA activity, which positively correlated with the objective fear indices, significantly mediated the effect of SD on fear acquisition. Together, the present findings indicate that SD facilitates fear acquisition by augmenting threat-specific encoding in the BLA, which may be a potential biomarker of the risk of developing fear-related disorders under traumatic and distressing situations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac233","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,14]],"date-time":"2022-06-14T14:03:26Z","timestamp":1655215406000},"page":"2655-2668","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Sleep deprivation altered encoding of basolateral amygdala on fear acquisition"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0452-1914","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pan","family":"Feng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Psychology , Southwest University, Chongqing 400715 , China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality , Ministry of Education, Chongqing 400715 , 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