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However, the neural mechanisms by which acute exercise affects attention remain elusive.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, we first identified an optimized acute Tai Chi Chuan (ATCC) exercise protocol that enhances sustained attention performance and then aimed to determine the neural substrates of exercise-enhanced attention. Reaction time (RT) from the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was used to evaluate sustained attention. In Experiment 1, improvements in RTs were compared among six different exercise protocols. In Experiment 2, the participants completed the PVT in an MRI scanner on both rest and exercise days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Experiment 1 showed that practicing TCC 3 times for a total of 20 minutes, followed by 10-minute rest periods, resulted in the largest improvements in RTs. Experiment 2 showed that ATCC enhanced sustained attention, as evidenced by shorter RTs, and resulted in greater cuneus\/precuneus activation after exercise than in the rest condition. Exercise-induced changes in brain activities across a distributed network exhibited significant correlations with attention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Therefore, this study indicates that ATCC effectively enhances sustained attention and underscores the key role of the cuneus\/precuneus and frontoparietal-cerebellar regions in facilitating vigilance among young adults.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T02:01:31Z","timestamp":1655690491000},"page":"2969-2981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Acute Tai Chi Chuan exercise enhances sustained attention and elicits increased cuneus\/precuneus activation in young adults"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1206-1989","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rongrong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8018-3665","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shilei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for MRI Research, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871 , China"},{"name":"Beijing City Key Lab for Medical Physics and Engineering, Institution of Heavy Ion Physics, School of Physics, Peking University , 5 Yiheyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100871 , 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