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Here, we find that photoactivation of dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH)-projecting vmPFC neurons, their terminals, or their postsynaptic DMH neurons rapidly switches non-rapid eye movement (NREM) but not rapid eye movement sleep to wakefulness, which is blocked by photoinhibition of DMH outputs in lateral hypothalamus (LHs). Chemoactivation of DMH glutamatergic but not GABAergic neurons innervated by vmPFC promotes wakefulness and suppresses NREM sleep, whereas chemoinhibition of vmPFC projections in DMH produces opposite effects. DMH-projecting vmPFC neurons are inhibited during NREM sleep and activated during wakefulness. Thus, vmPFC neurons innervating DMH likely represent the first identified set of cerebral cortical neurons for promotion of physiological wakefulness and suppression of NREM sleep.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,28]],"date-time":"2022-06-28T23:21:46Z","timestamp":1656458506000},"page":"3026-3042","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["A role of prefrontal cortico-hypothalamic projections in wake promotion"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Haixing","family":"Zhong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huamin","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases , Qingdao University, No. 308, Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071 , China"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal , 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z7K4 , Canada"},{"name":"Department of Physiology , School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rou-gang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunxin","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases , Qingdao University, No. 308, Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Tong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Anesthesia and Operation Center , Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 10085 3 China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianqian","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases , Qingdao University, No. 308, Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology & College of Life Sciences , Shanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710062 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiren","family":"Tao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Spine Surgery , Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Zilkha Neurogenetic Institute , Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhian","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xia","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Neuropsychiatric Diseases , Qingdao University, No. 308, Ning-Xia Road, Qingdao, 266071 , China"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine , Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi\u2019an, 710032 , China"},{"name":"University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research at the Royal , 1145 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, K1Z7K4 , Canada"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Modern Teaching Technology & College of Life Sciences , Shanxi Normal University, Xi\u2019an, 710062 , China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology , McGill University, 3655 Prom. 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