{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T03:58:27Z","timestamp":1783655907337,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":103,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1661126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":2,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008626","name":"Cochlear Ltd","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008626","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001230","name":"Macquarie University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001230","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000265","name":"Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["MR\/S002537\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/S002537\/1"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000265","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,21]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Sensory deprivation can lead to cross-modal cortical changes, whereby sensory brain regions deprived of input may be recruited to perform atypical function. Enhanced cross-modal responses to visual stimuli observed in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf cochlear implant (CI) users are hypothesized to reflect increased activation of cortical language regions, but it is unclear if this cross-modal activity is \u201cadaptive\u201d or \u201cmal-adaptive\u201d for speech understanding. To determine if increased activation of language regions is correlated with better speech understanding in CI users, we assessed task-related activation and functional connectivity of auditory and visual cortices to auditory and visual speech and non-speech stimuli in CI users (n\u2009=\u200914) and normal-hearing listeners (n\u2009=\u200917) and used functional near-infrared spectroscopy to measure hemodynamic responses. We used visually presented speech and non-speech to investigate neural processes related to linguistic content and observed that CI users show beneficial cross-modal effects. Specifically, an increase in connectivity between the left auditory and visual cortices\u2014presumed primary sites of cortical language processing\u2014was positively correlated with CI users\u2019 abilities to understand speech in background noise. Cross-modal activity in auditory cortex of postlingually deaf CI users may reflect adaptive activity of a distributed, multimodal speech network, recruited to enhance speech understanding.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac277","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,22]],"date-time":"2022-08-22T02:47:59Z","timestamp":1661136479000},"page":"3350-3371","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Cross-modal functional connectivity supports speech understanding in cochlear implant users"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2312-8026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda M","family":"Fullerton","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah A","family":"Vickers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cambridge Hearing Group , Sound Lab, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OSZ , United Kingdom"},{"name":"Speech , Hearing and Phonetic Sciences, University College London, London WC1N 1PF , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Addison N","family":"Billing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience , University College London, London WCIN 3AZ , United Kingdom"},{"name":"DOT-HUB , Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT , United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"McAlpine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heivet","family":"Hernandez-Perez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan E","family":"Peelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otolaryngology , Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica J M","family":"Monaghan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Acoustic Laboratories , Australian Hearing Hub, Sydney 2109 , Australia"},{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M","family":"McMahon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Linguistics and Macquarie University Hearing , Australian Hearing Hub, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"},{"name":"HEAR Centre , Macquarie University, Sydney 2109 , Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023040306304924600_","article-title":"Anatomical guidance for functional near-infrared spectroscopy: AtlasViewer 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