{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T00:36:12Z","timestamp":1791333372381,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":83,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009708","name":"Novo Nordisk Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009708","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008887","name":"Eppley Foundation for Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008887","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009244","name":"Stockholm University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNR RS 2019-1140"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNR RS 2019-1140"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009244","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016-02849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016-02849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004359","name":"Swedish Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DNR 2021-02440"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DNR 2021-02440"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004359","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholm County Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010381","name":"European Society for Paediatric Endocrinology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010381","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004063","name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004063","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100011898","name":"Marianne and Marcus Wallenberg Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100011898","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Long-term disturbances in cortisol levels might affect brain structure in individuals with autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease (AAD). This study investigated gray and white matter brain structure in a cohort of young adults with AAD. T1- and diffusion-weighted images were acquired for 52 individuals with AAD and 70 healthy controls, aged 19\u201343\u00a0years, using magnetic resonance imaging. Groups were compared on cortical thickness, surface area, cortical gray matter volume, subcortical volume (FreeSurfer), and white matter microstructure (FSL tract-based spatial statistics). Individuals with AAD had 4.3% smaller total brain volume. Correcting for head size, we did not find any regional structural differences, apart from reduced volume of the right superior parietal cortex in males with AAD. Within the patient group, a higher glucocorticoid (GC) replacement dose was associated with smaller total brain volume and smaller volume of the left lingual gyrus, left rostral anterior cingulate cortex, and right supramarginal gyrus. With the exception of smaller total brain volume and potential sensitivity of the parietal cortex to GC disturbances in men, brain structure seems relatively unaffected in young adults with AAD. However, the association between GC replacement dose and reduced brain volume may be reason for concern and requires follow-up study.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac389","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T15:47:09Z","timestamp":1665676029000},"page":"4915-4926","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain structure in autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-3058","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Annelies","family":"van\u2019t Westeinde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, , Karolinskavagen 37A, SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7428-2691","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelly","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Unit for Neonatology, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, , Karolinskavagen 37A, SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Siqueiros Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Stanford University School of Medicine Brain Imaging, Development and Genetics (BRIDGE) Lab, Division of Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, , 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, CA 94305-5101 , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Fletcher-Sandersj\u00f6\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Department of Endocrinology, , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olle","family":"K\u00e4mpe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Department of Endocrinology, , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Department of Medicine (Solna), Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sophie","family":"Bensing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"},{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Department of Endocrinology, , SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Svetlana","family":"Lajic","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Karolinska University Hospital Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Health, Karolinska Institutet, , Karolinskavagen 37A, SE-171 76 Stockholm , Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ando.2007.06.018","article-title":"DHEA: why, when, and how much--DHEA replacement in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"68","author":"Allolio","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ann Endocrinol"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0227835","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0227835","article-title":"An IL-18-centered inflammatory network as a biomarker for cerebral white matter injury","volume":"15","author":"Altendahl","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-14-1101","article-title":"MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Cushing\u2019s syndrome causes irreversible effects on the human brain: a systematic review of structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging studies","volume":"173","author":"Andela","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2016.06.058","article-title":"Incorporating outlier detection and replacement into a non-parametric framework for movement and distortion correction of diffusion MR images","volume":"141","author":"Andersson","year":"2016","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","volume-title":"Barkley deficits in executive functioning scale (BDEFS for adults)","author":"Barkley","year":"2011"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1097","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.5.1097","article-title":"A novel role for thyroid hormone, glucocorticoids and retinoic acid in timing oligodendrocyte development","volume":"120","author":"Barres","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3956(01)00018-8","article-title":"Corticosteroids and cognition","volume":"35","author":"Belanoff","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R107","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-15-1242","article-title":"Management of endocrine disease: epidemiology, quality of life and complications of primary adrenal insufficiency: a review","volume":"175","author":"Bensing","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000321239","article-title":"Autoimmune Addison\u2019s disease","volume":"20","author":"Betterle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Endocr Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2015-1710","article-title":"Diagnosis and treatment of primary adrenal insufficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"101","author":"Bornstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"9935","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61684-0","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency","volume":"383","author":"Charmandari","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13999","article-title":"Improving glucocorticoid replacement profiles in adrenal insufficiency","volume":"91","author":"Choudhury","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3196","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab520","article-title":"White matter microstructural differences in youth with classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"106","author":"Cotter","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0395","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. I. Segmentation and surface reconstruction","volume":"9","author":"Dale","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","first-page":"379","article-title":"Clinical and immunological characteristics of autoimmune Addison disease: a Nationwide Swedish Multicenter study","volume":"102","author":"Dalin","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","first-page":"269","article-title":"Brain corticosteroid receptor balance in health and disease","volume":"19","author":"De Kloet","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.06.010","article-title":"Automatic parcellation of human cortical gyri and sulci using standard anatomical nomenclature","volume":"53","author":"Destrieux","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4882","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1368","article-title":"Clinical, immunological, and genetic features of autoimmune primary adrenal insufficiency: observations from a Norwegian registry","volume":"94","author":"Erichsen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2015.09.020","article-title":"Neurocognitive architecture of working memory","volume":"88","author":"Eriksson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","first-page":"e12682","article-title":"Sex-specific contribution of DHEA-cortisol ratio to prefrontal-hippocampal structural development, cognitive abilities and personality traits","author":"Farooqi","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1006\/nimg.1998.0396","article-title":"Cortical surface-based analysis. II: inflation, flattening, and a surface-based coordinate system","volume":"9","author":"Fischl","year":"1999","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.05.018","article-title":"Neuropsychological functioning in health and mood disorder: modulation by glucocorticoids and their receptors","volume":"34","author":"Gallagher","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.5321","article-title":"Nationwide neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia in Sweden: a 26-year longitudinal prospective population-based study","volume":"168","author":"Gidl\u00f6f","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.11.020","article-title":"Aerobic glycolysis in the human brain is associated with development and neotenous gene expression","volume":"19","author":"Goyal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1816","DOI":"10.2522\/ptj.20130597","article-title":"Chronic stress, cortisol dysfunction, and pain: a psychoneuroendocrine rationale for stress management in pain rehabilitation","volume":"94","author":"Hannibal","year":"2014","journal-title":"Phys Ther"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-neuro-070815-013952","article-title":"Dorsal anterior cingulate cortex: a bottom-up view","volume":"39","author":"Heilbronner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9511-x","article-title":"Episodic memory impairment in Addison\u2019s disease: results from a telephonic cognitive assessment","volume":"29","author":"Henry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.02.004","article-title":"Impaired quality and efficiency of sleep impairs cognitive functioning in Addison\u2019s disease","volume":"78","author":"Henry","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2826.2006.01429.x","article-title":"Do corticosteroids damage the brain?","volume":"18","author":"Herbert","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Neuroendocrinol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa023","article-title":"Brain differences in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus in youth with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"105","author":"Herting","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"10274","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00136-7","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency","volume":"397","author":"Husebye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2007.11.064","article-title":"Functional actions of corticosteroids in the hippocampus","volume":"583","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R121","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-18-0226","article-title":"Corticosteroids and the brain","volume":"238","author":"Jo\u00ebls","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Endocrinol"},{"issue":"17","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E4091","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1714239115","article-title":"Ultradian rhythmicity of plasma cortisol is necessary for normal emotional and cognitive responses in man","volume":"115","author":"Kalafatakis","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R73","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-18-0853","article-title":"MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Does circadian and ultradian glucocorticoid exposure affect the brain?","volume":"180","author":"Kalafatakis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105096","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.105096","article-title":"Glucocorticoid ultradian rhythmicity differentially regulates mood and resting state networks in the human brain: a randomised controlled clinical trial","volume":"124","author":"Kalafatakis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.13441","article-title":"Cognitive impairment in adolescents and adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia","volume":"87","author":"Karlsson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.10.038","article-title":"Voxel-based comparison of brain glucose metabolism between patients with Cushing's disease and healthy subjects","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage Clinical"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.4.12.2145","article-title":"Replacement therapy in Addison's disease","volume":"4","author":"L\u00f8v\u00e5s","year":"2003","journal-title":"Expert Opin Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(97)00004-0","article-title":"The acute effects of corticosteroids on cognition: integration of animal and human model studies","volume":"24","author":"Lupien","year":"1997","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.1999.10.2.117","article-title":"Increased cortisol levels and impaired cognition in human aging: implication for depression and dementia in later life","volume":"10","author":"Lupien","year":"1999","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2004.08.003","article-title":"Stress hormones and human memory function across the lifespan","volume":"30","author":"Lupien","year":"2005","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2639","article-title":"Effects of stress throughout the lifespan on the brain, behaviour and cognition","volume":"10","author":"Lupien","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8640970","DOI":"10.1155\/2017\/8640970","article-title":"The effect of glucocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor interactions on brain, spinal cord, and glial cell plasticity","volume":"2017","author":"Madalena","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neural Plast"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2020.01.029","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency: physiology, clinical presentation and diagnostic challenges","volume":"505","author":"Martin-Grace","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1369\/0022155413517700","article-title":"Distribution of corticosteroid receptors in mature oligodendrocytes and oligodendrocyte progenitors of the adult mouse brain","volume":"62","author":"Matsusue","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Histochem Cytochem"},{"issue":"S1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1002\/hup.266","article-title":"Stress and hippocampal plasticity: implications for the pathophysiology of affective disorders","volume":"16","author":"McEwen","year":"2001","journal-title":"Hum Psychopharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1986.66.4.1121","article-title":"Adrenal steroid receptors and actions in the nervous system","volume":"66","author":"McEwen","year":"1986","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"1455","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1909","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.2000.1229","article-title":"Differential effects of word length and visual contrast in the fusiform and lingual gyri during reading","volume":"267","author":"Mechelli","year":"2000","journal-title":"Proceedings Biological sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.107833","article-title":"Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in adult patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: increased frequency of white matter impairment and temporal lobe structures dysgenesis","volume":"17","author":"Mnif","year":"2013","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","first-page":"382","article-title":"A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change","volume":"134","author":"","year":"1979","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1159\/000488106","article-title":"The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the fetus","volume":"89","author":"Morsi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Horm Res Paediatr"},{"issue":"9522","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)68699-6","article-title":"Cushing's syndrome","volume":"367","author":"Newell-Price","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"26","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10840","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.5747-12.2013","article-title":"Interactive effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone on cortical thickness during early brain development","volume":"33","author":"Nguyen","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2017.09.013","article-title":"Dehydroepiandrosterone impacts working memory by shaping cortico-hippocampal structural covariance during development","volume":"86","author":"Nguyen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2015-1080","article-title":"The functional and clinical significance of the 24-hour rhythm of circulating glucocorticoids","volume":"38","author":"Oster","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7525-3-82","article-title":"Assessment of the structure of the hospital anxiety and depression scale in musculoskeletal patients","volume":"3","author":"","year":"2005","journal-title":"Helath Qual. Life Outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-3-258","article-title":"Adrenal insufficiency - recognition and management","volume":"17","author":"Pazderska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2505","DOI":"10.1210\/endo-117-6-2505","article-title":"Two receptor systems for corticosterone in rat brain: microdistribution and differential occupation","volume":"117","author":"Reul","year":"1985","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"issue":"8","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1109\/42.796284","article-title":"Nonrigid registration using free-form deformations: application to breast MR images","volume":"18","author":"Rueckert","year":"1999","journal-title":"IEEE T Med Imaging"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.01.025","article-title":"Cognitive function in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency (Addison's disease)","volume":"55","author":"Schultebraucks","year":"2015","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4939-2895-8_10","article-title":"Glucocorticoids and the brain: neural mechanisms regulating the stress response","volume":"872","author":"Shirazi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.10062","article-title":"Fast robust automated brain extraction","volume":"17","author":"Smith","year":"2002","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"issue":"1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2008.03.061","article-title":"Threshold-free cluster enhancement: addressing problems of smoothing, threshold dependence and localisation in cluster inference","volume":"44","author":"Smith","year":"2009","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.02.024","article-title":"Tract-based spatial statistics: voxelwise analysis of multi-subject diffusion data","volume":"31","author":"Smith","year":"2006","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4043","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2018-01865","article-title":"Congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to steroid 21-hydroxylase deficiency: an Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline","volume":"103","author":"Speiser","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"issue":"12","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00203-6","article-title":"Decrease in cortisol reverses human hippocampal atrophy following treatment of Cushing's disease","volume":"46","author":"Starkman","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1159\/000314297","article-title":"Epidemiology of Cushing's syndrome","volume":"92","author":"Steffensen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuroendocrinology"},{"issue":"6","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1150","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2019-00046","article-title":"Modified-release hydrocortisone: is it time to change clinical practice?","volume":"3","author":"Stewart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Endocr Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1530\/EJE-16-0352","article-title":"Higher diurnal salivary cortisol levels are related to smaller prefrontal cortex surface area in elderly men and women","volume":"175","author":"Stomby","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur J Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"Team RC","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2015.09.029","article-title":"Mild cognitive deficits in patients with primary adrenal insufficiency","volume":"63","author":"Tiemensma","year":"2016","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105714","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2022.105714","article-title":"Young adult Swedish patients with autoimmune Addison's disease report difficulties with executive functions in daily life despite overall good cognitive performance","volume":"140","author":"van\u2019t Westeinde","year":"2022","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","article-title":"Altered gray matter structure and white matter microstructure in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: relevance for working memory performance","author":"Van't Westeinde","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"issue":"5","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2777","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhz274","article-title":"Altered Gray matter structure and white matter microstructure in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: relevance for working memory performance","volume":"30","author":"Van't Westeinde","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2018.03.003","article-title":"Altered ultradian cortisol rhythmicity as a potential neurobiologic substrate for chronic insomnia","volume":"41","author":"Vargas","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sleep Med Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1330","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2017-01481","article-title":"Quantitative brain MRI in congenital adrenal hyperplasia: in vivo assessment of the cognitive and structural impact of steroid hormones","volume":"103","author":"Webb","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","volume-title":"WMS-III: Wechsler memory scale - third edition","author":"Wechsler","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1111\/cen.12316","article-title":"An oral multiparticulate, modified-release, hydrocortisone replacement therapy that provides physiological cortisol exposure","volume":"80","author":"Whitaker","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.01.060","article-title":"Permutation inference for the general linear model","volume":"92","author":"Winkler","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"issue":"8809","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(92)91829-W","article-title":"21-hydroxylase, a major autoantigen in idiopathic Addison's disease","volume":"339","author":"Winqvist","year":"1992","journal-title":"Lancet (London, England)"},{"issue":"11","key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"994","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12835","article-title":"Brain structure alterations in depression: psychoradiological evidence","volume":"24","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"2023041801514615100_","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x","article-title":"The hospital anxiety and depression scale","volume":"67","author":"","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr. Scand"}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/33\/8\/4915\/49743065\/bhac389.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/33\/8\/4915\/49743065\/bhac389.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,26]],"date-time":"2023-11-26T20:34:12Z","timestamp":1701030852000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article\/33\/8\/4915\/6760136"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"references-count":83,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhac389","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-3211","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,15]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]}}}