{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T04:03:28Z","timestamp":1772510608039,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Oxford University Press (OUP)","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]],"date-time":"2022-10-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667088000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/journals\/pages\/open_access\/funder_policies\/chorus\/standard_publication_model"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008497","name":"Boston Scientific","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008497","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"FRM Maier","award":["DIC20161236441"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DIC20161236441"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002915","name":"Fondation pour la Recherche Medicale","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002915","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"French Tourette Syndrome Association"},{"name":"National Research Agency","award":["ANR-18-CE37-0008-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ANR-18-CE37-0008-01"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":[],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics, which is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. Dysfunction of basal ganglia pathways might account for the wide spectrum of symptoms in TS patients. Although psychiatric symptoms may be related to limbic networks, the specific contribution of different limbic structures remains unclear. We used tractography to investigate cortical connectivity with the striatal area (caudate, putamen, core and shell of the nucleus accumbens), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), and the adjacent medial subthalamic region (MSR) in 58 TS patients and 35 healthy volunteers. 82% of TS patients showed psychiatric comorbidities, with significantly higher levels of anxiety and impulsivity compared to controls. Tractography analysis revealed significantly increased limbic cortical connectivity of the left MSR with the entorhinal (BA34), insular (BA48), and temporal (BA38) cortices in TS patients compared to controls. Furthermore, we found that left insular-STN connectivity was positively correlated with impulsivity scores for all subjects and with anxiety scores for all subjects, particularly for TS. Our study highlights a heterogenous modification of limbic structure connectivity in TS, with specific abnormalities found for the subthalamic area. Abnormal connectivity with the insular cortex might underpin the higher level of impulsivity and anxiety observed in TS.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac408","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T02:38:28Z","timestamp":1667183908000},"page":"5181-5191","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Structural hyperconnectivity of the subthalamic area with limbic cortices underpins anxiety and impulsivity in Tourette syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4562-2140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gizem","family":"Temiz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cyril","family":"Atkinson-Clement","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8615-8244","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginie","family":"Czernecki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurology, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Bardinet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chantal","family":"Francois","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yulia","family":"Worbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurophysiology, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , 75012 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4011-6564","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carine","family":"Karachi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9, Institut du Cerveau - Paris Brain Institute- ICM, Inserm, CNRS, APHP, H\u00f4pital de la Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re , 75013 Paris, France"},{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery, Piti\u00e9 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re Hospital, Assistance Publique-H\u00f4pitaux de Paris , 75013 Paris, France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1159\/000478273","article-title":"Refining the deep brain stimulation target within the limbic globus pallidus internus for Tourette syndrome","volume":"95","author":"Akbarian-Tefaghi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000005851","article-title":"Author response: optimal deep brain stimulation site and target connectivity for chronic cluster headache","volume":"91","author":"Akram","year":"2018","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(88)90217-5","article-title":"New perspectives in basal forebrain organization of special relevance for neuropsychiatric disorders: the striatopallidal, amygdaloid, and corticopetal components of substantia innominata","volume":"27","author":"Alheid","year":"1988","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.07.067","article-title":"Non-parametric representation and prediction of single- and multi-shell diffusion-weighted MRI data using Gaussian processes","volume":"122","author":"Andersson","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2020.02.033","article-title":"Structural and functional abnormalities within sensori-motor and limbic networks underpin intermittent explosive symptoms in Tourette disorder","volume":"125","author":"Atkinson-Clement","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brs.2021.07.003","article-title":"Thalamic deep brain stimulation for Tourette Syndrome: a naturalistic trial with brief randomized, double-blinded sham-controlled periods","volume":"14","author":"Baldermann","year":"2021","journal-title":"Brain Stimul"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16383","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1731-13.2013","article-title":"Parceling human accumbens into putative core and shell dissociates encoding of values for reward and pain","volume":"33","author":"Baliki","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.3171\/2008.3.17469","article-title":"A three-dimensional histological atlas of the human basal ganglia. II. Atlas deformation strategy and evaluation in deep brain stimulation for Parkinson disease","volume":"110","author":"Bardinet","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000031428.31861.23","article-title":"Aggressive behavior induced by intraoperative stimulation in the triangle of Sano","volume":"59","author":"Bejjani","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1995.tb02031.x","article-title":"Controlling the false discovery rate: a practical and powerful approach to multiple testing","volume":"57","author":"Benjamini","year":"1995","journal-title":"J R Stat Soc Ser B"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2020.10.010","article-title":"Neuroimaging the emotional modulation of urge inhibition in Tourette syndrome","volume":"135","author":"Bhikram","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref13","first-page":"1","article-title":"A direct approach to estimating false discovery rates conditional on covariates","volume":"2018","author":"Boca","year":"2018","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200010000-00014","article-title":"Explosive outbursts in children with Tourette\u2019s disorder","volume":"39","author":"Budman","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v59n1103","article-title":"Rage attacks in children and adolescents with Tourette\u2019s disorder","volume":"59","author":"Budman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Clin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics9030115","article-title":"The seven deadly sins of measuring brain structural connectivity using diffusion MRI streamlines fibre-tracking","volume":"9","author":"Calamante","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diagnostics"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2010.07.024","article-title":"Track-density imaging (TDI): super-resolution white matter imaging using whole-brain track-density mapping","volume":"53","author":"Calamante","year":"2010","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.05.019","article-title":"Multimodal characterization of the human nucleus accumbens","volume":"198","author":"Cartmell","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.neuropsych.16070141","article-title":"Neurobiology of the premonitory urge in Tourette\u2019s syndrome: pathophysiology and treatment implications","volume":"29","author":"Cavanna","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2020-323421","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus in obsessive-compulsives disorders: long-term follow-up of an open, prospective, observational cohort","volume":"91","author":"Chabardes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.09.029","article-title":"Prevalence and clinical correlates of explosive outbursts in Tourette syndrome","volume":"205","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1523\/ENEURO.0392-17.2017","article-title":"Combinatorial inputs to the ventral striatum from the temporal cortex, frontal cortex, and amygdala: implications for segmenting the striatum","volume":"4","author":"Choi","year":"2017","journal-title":"eNeuro"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2017.08.009","article-title":"Premonitory urges and tics in Tourette syndrome: computational mechanisms and neural correlates","volume":"46","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o","year":"2017","journal-title":"Curr Opin Neurobiol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2020.117693","article-title":"Modelling white matter in gyral blades as a continuous vector field","volume":"227","author":"Cottaar","year":"2021","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0b013e328319bd10","article-title":"Current status of brain imaging in anxiety disorders","volume":"22","author":"Damsa","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1111\/psyp.12057","article-title":"Follow your breath: respiratory interoceptive accuracy in experienced meditators","volume":"50","author":"Daubenmier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref27","first-page":"1","article-title":"Modelling white matter with spherical deconvolution: how and why?","volume":"32","author":"Dell\u2019Acqua","year":"2019","journal-title":"NMR Biomed"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref28","article-title":"A novel iterative approach to reap the benefits of multi-tissue CSD from just single-shell (+b = 0) diffusion MRI data","volume":"24","author":"Dhollander","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Intl Soc Mag Reson Med"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1111\/jnp.12089","article-title":"Premonitory urges are associated with decreased grey matter thickness within the insula and sensorimotor cortex in young people with Tourette syndrome","volume":"10","author":"Draper","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1109\/42.906426","article-title":"Automated manifold surgery: constructing geometrically accurate and topologically correct models of the human cerebral cortex","volume":"20","author":"Fischl","year":"2001","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Med Imaging"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(02)00569-X","article-title":"Whole brain segmentation: automated labeling of neuroanatomical structures in the human brain","volume":"33","author":"Fischl","year":"2002","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref32","first-page":"1095","article-title":"Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus for treatment of chronic intractable cluster headaches: first reported series","volume":"52","author":"Franzini","year":"2003","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1159\/000086675","article-title":"Stimulation of the posterior hypothalamus for medically intractable impulsive and violent behavior","volume":"83","author":"Franzini","year":"2005","journal-title":"Stereotact Funct Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref34","first-page":"581","article-title":"The co-occurrence and correlates of anxiety disorders among adolescents with intermittent explosive disorders","volume-title":"Aggress Behav","author":"Galbraith","year":"2018"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref35","first-page":"2012","article-title":"A neural network for tics: insights from causal brain lesions and deep brain stimulation","volume":"2016","author":"Ganos","year":"2022","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2007.03.024","article-title":"Interoceptive basis to craving","volume":"54","author":"Gray","year":"2007","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2016.194","article-title":"Brain structure in pediatric Tourette syndrome","volume":"22","author":"Greene","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2009.129","article-title":"The reward circuit: linking primate anatomy and human imaging","volume":"35","author":"Haber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8341.1959.tb00467.x","article-title":"The assessment of anxiety states by rating","volume":"32","author":"Hamilton","year":"1959","journal-title":"Br J Med Psychol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4804","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4674-12.2013","article-title":"The organization of prefrontal-subthalamic inputs in primates provides an anatomical substrate for both functional specificity and integration: implications for Basal Ganglia models and deep brain stimulation","volume":"33","author":"Haynes","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2014.2650","article-title":"Lifetime prevalence, age of risk, and genetic relationships of comorbid psychiatric disorders in Tourette syndrome","volume":"72","author":"Hirschtritt","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiat"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra010032","article-title":"Tourette\u2019s syndrome","volume":"345","author":"Jankovic","year":"2001","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1089\/brain.2011.0033","article-title":"Tractography: where do we go from here?","volume":"1","author":"Jbabdi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Brain Connect"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S1361-8415(01)00036-6","article-title":"A global optimisation method for robust affine registration of brain images","volume":"5","author":"Jenkinson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Med Image Anal"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2014.07.061","article-title":"Multi-tissue constrained spherical deconvolution for improved analysis of multi-shell diffusion MRI data","volume":"103","author":"Jeurissen","year":"2014","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awaa188","article-title":"Structural connectivity predicts clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome","volume":"143","author":"Johnson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref47","first-page":"1","article-title":"Basal ganglia pathways associated with therapeutic pallidal deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome","volume":"6","author":"Johnson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2019-320379","article-title":"Image-based analysis and long-term clinical outcomes of deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: a multisite study","volume":"90","author":"Johnson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10312","article-title":"Three-dimensional cartography of functional territories in the human striatopallidal complex by using calbindin immunoreactivity","volume":"450","author":"Karachi","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Comp Neurol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198907000-00015","article-title":"The Yale global tic severity scale: initial testing of a clinician-rated scale of tic severity","volume":"28","author":"Leckman","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198S","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)80239-9","article-title":"The mini international neuropsychiatric interview","volume":"13","author":"Lecrubier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-01285-x","article-title":"The challenge of mapping the human connectome based on diffusion tractography","volume":"8","author":"Maier-Hein","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10661","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0610849104","article-title":"Stimulation of subterritories of the subthalamic nucleus reveals its role in the integration of the emotional and motor aspects of behavior","volume":"104","author":"Mallet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2017.4317","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of deep brain stimulation in Tourette syndrome the international tourette syndrome deep brain stimulation public database and registry","volume":"75","author":"Martinez-Ramirez","year":"2018","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref55","volume-title":"Neuroimaging applications in Tourette\u2019s syndrome [Internet]","author":"Martino","year":"2018","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.02.046","article-title":"A Bayesian model of shape and appearance for subcortical brain segmentation","volume":"56","author":"Patenaude","year":"2011","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"768","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-4679(199511)51:6<768::AID-JCLP2270510607>3.0.CO;2-1","article-title":"Factor structure of the Barratt impulsiveness scale","volume":"51","author":"Patton","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Clin Psychol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.03.042","article-title":"An insular view of anxiety","volume":"60","author":"Paulus","year":"2006","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.11.1281","article-title":"Morphologic features of the amygdala and hippocampus in children and adults with Tourette syndrome","volume":"64","author":"Peterson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.5.427","article-title":"Regional brain and ventricular volumes in Tourette syndrome","volume":"58","author":"Peterson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.4.415","article-title":"Basal ganglia volumes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"60","author":"Peterson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3249","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy254","article-title":"Face perception enhances insula and motor network reactivity in Tourette syndrome","volume":"141","author":"Rae","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3976","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2011.10.045","article-title":"Apparent fibre density: a novel measure for the analysis of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images","volume":"59","author":"Raffelt","year":"2012","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(97)00145-5","article-title":"The functional neuroanatomy of anxiety: a study of three disorders using positron emission tomography and symptom provocation","volume":"42","author":"Rauch","year":"1997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref65","volume-title":"Posterior hypothalamus as a target in the treatment of aggression: from lesioning to deep brain stimulation [Internet]","author":"Rizzi","year":"2021","edition":"1st ed."},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2015.02.010","article-title":"Right insular damage decreases heartbeat awareness and alters cardio-visual effects on bodily self-consciousness","volume":"70","author":"Ronchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.2176\/nmc.4.112","article-title":"Sedative neurosurgery with special reference to postero-medial hypothalamotomy","volume":"4","author":"Sano","year":"1962","journal-title":"Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo)"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)64237-5","article-title":"Sedative stereoencephalotomy: fornicotomy, upper mesencephalic reticulotomy and postero-medial hypothalamotomy","volume":"21","author":"Sano","year":"1966","journal-title":"Prog Brain Res"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-10920-y","article-title":"Altered topology of structural brain networks in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"7","author":"Schlemm","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4595","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.12-12-04595.1992","article-title":"Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward","volume":"12","author":"Schultz","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2018.04.004","article-title":"Alterations in the microstructure of white matter in children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome measured using tract-based spatial statistics and probabilistic tractography","volume":"104","author":"Sigurdsson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cortex"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.52294\/ApertureNeuro.2022.2.NEOD9565","article-title":"Quantitative streamlines tractography: methods and inter-subject normalisation","volume-title":"Aperture Neuro","author":"Smith","year":"2022"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1002\/mrm.27916","article-title":"Mapping connectomes with diffusion MRI: deterministic or probabilistic tractography?","author":"Smith","year":"2020","journal-title":"Magn Reson Med"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2015.06.092","article-title":"SIFT2: enabling dense quantitative assessment of brain white matter connectivity using streamlines tractography","volume":"119","author":"Smith","year":"2015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2017.12.036","article-title":"Surface-enhanced tractography (SET)","volume":"169","author":"St-Onge","year":"2018","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01881-9","article-title":"European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders\u2014version 2.0. Part IV: deep brain stimulation","volume":"31","author":"Szejko","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s00429-019-02012-6","article-title":"The anatomo-functional organization of the hyperdirect cortical pathway to the subthalamic area using in vivo structural connectivity imaging in humans","volume":"225","author":"Temiz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Struct Funct"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26230","article-title":"Role of the right dorsal anterior insula in the urge to tic in tourette syndrome","volume":"30","author":"Tinaz","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.3171\/2019.11.JNS192608","article-title":"Deep brain stimulation for aggressiveness: long-term follow-up and tractography study of the stimulated brain areas","volume":"134","author":"Torres","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2019.116137","article-title":"MRtrix3: a fast, flexible and open software framework for medical image processing and visualisation","volume":"202","author":"Tournier","year":"2019","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/ima.22005","article-title":"MRtrix: diffusion tractography in crossing fiber regions","volume":"22","author":"Tournier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Imaging Syst Technol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"066011","DOI":"10.1088\/1741-2552\/ab37b4","article-title":"Spatio-temporal structure of single neuron subthalamic activity identifies DBS target for anesthetized Tourette syndrome patients","volume":"16","author":"Vissani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Neural Eng"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(17)30160-6","article-title":"Anterior pallidal deep brain stimulation for Tourette\u2019s syndrome: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Welter","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Neurol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"952","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.65.7.952","article-title":"Internal pallidal and thalamic stimulation in patients with Tourette syndrome","volume":"65","author":"Welter","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3988","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23643","article-title":"Disrupted topological organization of structural networks revealed by probabilistic diffusion tractography in Tourette syndrome children","volume":"38","author":"Wen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3649","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq293","article-title":"Distinct structural changes underpin clinical phenotypes in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"133","author":"Worbe","year":"2010","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu311","article-title":"Altered structural connectivity of cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic networks in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome","volume":"138","author":"Worbe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.23636","article-title":"Multimodal connectivity-based parcellation reveals a shell-core dichotomy of the human nucleus accumbens","volume":"38","author":"Xia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"2023050205544494700_ref89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.09.026","article-title":"A three-dimensional, histological and deformable atlas of the human basal ganglia. I. Atlas construction based on immunohistochemical and MRI data","volume":"34","author":"Yelnik","year":"2007","journal-title":"NeuroImage"}],"container-title":["Cerebral Cortex"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/33\/9\/5181\/50095777\/bhac408.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"syndication"},{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article-pdf\/33\/9\/5181\/50095777\/bhac408.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,4]],"date-time":"2024-10-04T14:11:55Z","timestamp":1728051115000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/academic.oup.com\/cercor\/article\/33\/9\/5181\/6780262"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]},"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,25]]}},"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cercor\/bhac408","relation":{},"ISSN":["1047-3211","1460-2199"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1047-3211","type":"print"},{"value":"1460-2199","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published-other":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,1]]},"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,30]]}}}