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Recent studies have shown that motor performance can be differentially modulated based on the spectral target of noninvasive transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), with gamma-frequency tACS improving motor performance. However, the spectral specificity for eliciting such improvements remains unknown. Herein, we derived the peak movement-related gamma frequency in 25 healthy adults using magnetoencephalography and a motor control paradigm. These individualized peak gamma frequencies were then used for personalized sessions of tACS. All participants completed 4 sessions of high-definition (HD)-tACS (sham, low-, peak-, and high-gamma frequency) over M1 for 20\u00a0min during the performance of sequential movements of varying complexity (e.g. tapping adjacent fingers or nonadjacent fingers). Our primary findings demonstrated that individualized tACS dosing over M1 leads to enhanced motor performance\/learning (i.e. greatest reduction in time to complete motor sequences) compared to nonspecific gamma-tACS in humans, which suggests that personalized neuromodulation may be advantageous to optimize behavioral outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhac423","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T02:08:34Z","timestamp":1668218914000},"page":"5347-5360","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Spectral specificity of gamma-frequency transcranial alternating current stimulation over motor cortex during sequential movements"],"prefix":"10.1093","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6209-4386","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel K","family":"Spooner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Institute for Human Neuroscience, , Boys Town, NE , United States"},{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center (UMNC) College of Medicine, , Omaha, NE , United States"},{"name":"Heinrich-Heine University Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, , D\u00fcsseldorf , Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony W","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Institute for Human Neuroscience, , Boys Town, NE , United States"},{"name":"University of Nebraska Medical Center (UMNC) College of Medicine, , Omaha, NE , United States"},{"name":"Boys Town National Research Hospital Center for Pediatric Brain Health, , Boys Town, NE , United States"},{"name":"Creighton University Department of Pharmacology & Neuroscience, , Omaha, NE , United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"286","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"2023111206534329100_ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4847","DOI":"10.1093\/cercor\/bhaa077","article-title":"Prefrontal multielectrode transcranial direct current stimulation modulates performance and neural activity serving visuospatial processing","volume":"30","author":"Arif","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cereb Cortex"},{"key":"2023111206534329100_ref2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5451","DOI":"10.1113\/JP282387","article-title":"High-definition transcranial direct current stimulation modulates performance and alpha\/beta parieto-frontal connectivity serving fluid intelligence","volume":"599","author":"Arif","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"2023111206534329100_ref3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1930","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.25764","article-title":"High-definition transcranial 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